Class 
Book 




,D*T 



-C' 



( o 



U. S.MAIL LINE 

AMERICAN EXPRESS LINE 



-/ 



•J-'P: 



NIAGARA FALLS, BUFFALO 








^/if/}^--t^^^f^7- 




o 



/V>4 



^O^Sr 



^imnE^CE STEAM-BO^^ ^ ^ 



^ f 



y 





rjrCi^ 



STEAMERS _r? 

BAY STATE, 0^TAR1O,N0RTHtRNER, ^. ., 
CATAJLA-er,lNi4CARA,L4DYaffiH*4AjKEfe^^ ^' '^r 

^ ^ NEW YOni^ ^ 

1^ 



i: ROCMESTCR. 



vW^^- 






:uiau(l;ii 













1 



f2. 




'Em 



AMERICAN LINES. 



ONTARIO AND ST. LAWRENCE 

STEAMBOAT COMPANY'S^ 

HAND-BOOK FOR TRAVELERS 

TO 

NIAGAEA PALLS, 

MONTREAL AND QUEBEC, 

AND 

THROUGH LAKE CHAMPLAIJS" 

TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



Illustratcti hiiti) jHaps, antt Kumcrnus Engrabii.ijs 

From Original Sketches. 



BUFFALO: 

PUBLISHED BY JEWETT, THOMAS <fc CO. 
GEO. H. DERBT AND CO. 



185 2. 



^ 






/ 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1852, 

By J. VAN CLEVE. 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the 
Northern District of New York. 



'03 



JEWETT, THOMAS AND CO. 

Stereotypers and Printers, 

BUTFALO, N. T. 



LAKE ONTARIO. 



0tcamboat (Eompan^. 



TRUSTEES. 

E. B. ALLEN, President Ogdensburgh, N. Y. 

H. VAN" RENSSELAER Ogdensburgh, N. Y. 

G. N. SEYMOUR Ogdensburgh, N. Y. 

A. CHAPMAN MoRHisTOWN, N. Y. 

E. G. MERRICK Clayton, N. Y. 

S. BUCKLEY Watertown, N. Y. 

A. MUNSON Utica, N. Y. 

T. S. FAXTON Utica, N.Y. 

HAMILTON WHITE Syracuse, N. Y. 

LUTHER WRIGHT Oswego. N. Y. 

HENRY FITZHUGH Oswego, N. Y. 



OFFICE OF THE COMPANY, AT OSWEGO, N. Y. 

J. VAN CLEVE, Treasueeb 



GREAT NORTHERN ROUTE. 



1052. 

NIAGARA FALLS AND MONTREAL 
LAKE ONTARIO. 




Ontario and St. Lawrence Steamboat Company 

Will, during the season, run two daily lines, Sundays excepted, 

BETWEEN LE WISTON AND MONTREAL. 

UNITED STATES MAIL LINE, 

Composed of the large and commodious Lake Steamers, 

NORTHERNER Capt. R. F. CHILD. 

ONTARIO Capt. H. ISr. THROOP. 

NIAGARA Capt. J. B. ESTES. 

CATARACT. Capt. A. D. KILBY. 

And the beautiful River Steamers, 

JENNY LIND Capt. L. MOODY. 

BRITISH EMPIRE Capt. D. S. ALLEN. 

BRITISH QUEEN Capt. LAFLAMME. 



GREAT NORTHERN ROUTE. 



One of these large and superior Lake Steamers leaves Lew- 
istou every day, connecting at Oswego with the railroads to 
Albany, at Ogdensburgh with the railroads through New 
England to Boston, and the above named River Steamers to 
Montreal, as follows; 



DOWN THE LAKE. 

Leave Lewiston 3 p. m. 

Leave Rochestei- 10 p. m. 

Leave Oswego, connecting 
with cars for Albany 8 a. m. 

Leave Sacltetis Harbor ...11 a. m. 

Leave Kingston 2 p. M. 

Leave Ogdensburgli 8 A. m. 

ajid arrive in Montreal at 5 p. h. 
passing the Thousand Is- 
lands and all the Rapids 
by daylight. 



UP THE LAKE. 

Leave Montreal 2 p.m. 

Leave Ogdensburgh on ar- 
rival of cars from Boston, 7 p. M. 

Leave Kingston 8 a. m. 

Leave Sacketts Harbor. ..11 a. m. 

Leave Oswego on arrival 
of cars from Albany 4 p. M. 

Leave Rochester 9 p. u. 

and arrive at Lewiston at 5 A. M. 
in time for Boat for To- 
ronto and Hamilton, and 
Trains for Niagara Falls 
and Buffalo. 



N". B. — Passengers up the Lake, by this line, arrive at Niag- 
ara Falls and Buffalo in time for breakfast and morning boats 
up Lake Erie — having an opporttmity to see the Falls. 

Passengers leaving Buffalo at 12 o'clock, noon, and Niagara 
Falls after dinner, can take this line and reach Albany, ■v^a 
Oswego, next afternoon, at 2 o'clock, in time for cars and 
steamers for New York, making the trip with despatch and 
without fatigue, and at less expense than by any other loute 



GREAT NORTHERN ROUTE. 



1052. 



"K^g^^^ r^li^ ^^ ^o^fi^cc^l. 



LAKE ONTARIO. 




1S^ 






'l±JLj4^, 



American Express Line, 

Composed of the new, Large, and beautiful Lake Steamei-s, 

NEW YORK Capt. R. B. CHAPMAN. 

BAY STATE Capt. J. H. LED YARD. 

And the beautiful River Steamers, 

JENNY LIND Capt. L.MOODY. 

BRITISH EMPIRE Capt. D. S. ALLEN. 

BRITISH QUE EN Capt. LAFLAMME. 

Expressly adapted to the navigation of the Rapids. 

Will, in connection witli the railroads between Cape Vin- 
cent and Albany, at Ogdensburgh with the railroads through 
New England to Boston, and the River Steamers to Montreal, 
form a 

DAILY LINE, SUNDAYS EXCEPTED, BETWEEN 

LEWISTON, TORONTO, CAPE VINCENT, ALBANY, OGDENS- 
BTJKGH, BOSTON, AND MONTREAL, 

As follows: 



GREAT NORTHERN ROUTE. 



DOWN THE LAKE. 
Leave Lewiston 12 m. 

Leave Toronto .. S^p. M. 

Leave Cape Vincent 4 a. m. 

Leave Ogdensburgh 8 A. m. 

and arrive in Montreal.. 5 P. M. 
passing the Tliousand Is- 
lands and all the Rapids 
by daylight. 



UP THE LAZE. 
Leave Montreal 2 p. Jt 

Leave Ogdensburgh on ar- 
rival of cars from Boston, 2 p. M. 

Leave Cape Vincent on ar- 
rival of cars from Albany, 6 p. m. 

Leave Toronto 6 a. m. 

and arrive at Lewiston at 9 A. M. 
in time for Boat for Ham- 
ilton, and Trains for Falls 
and Buflalo. 



N. B. — Passengers ■wishing more variety, in going East from 
Niagara Falls, than is afforded by railroads, and not having 
time to go by way of Montreal, will find the route by the 
American Express Line and railroads between Cape Vincent 
and Albany, agreeable and expeditious, leaving Niagara Falls 
at 11 A. M., going via Toronto, and reaching Albany next 
afternoon in time for cars and steamers for New York. 

Both the United States Mail and American Express Lines 
connect at Ogdensburgh with the river steamers down the 
Rapids to Montreal, and cars for Boston, over the Ogdens- 
burgh railroad to Rouse's Point ; from thence, by either the 
Vermont Central or the Rutland and Burlington Railroads, 
through the vallies of the Green Mountains. Those for Sara- 
toga, from Ogdensburgh by railroad, or from Montreal by 
railroad, take steamer at Rouse's Point for Whitehall ; from 
thence by railroad — or, those wislung to make the delightful 
trip through Lake George, leave the Champlain boat at Fort 
Ticonderoga. 



GREAT NORTHERN ROUTE. 



TBE 



CAPT J. MASON, 
Will, during the season, run daily, Sundays excepted, between 

LEWISTON AND HAMILTON, 



CO^fNECTING WITH BOTH THE 



Silf Mi gMTMi MIL Llii 

AND 

American d^xT^vtss Cine, 

AS FOLLOWS : 

Leave Hamilton at 7 a. m. 

Arrive at Lewiston at 11^ " 

AND 

Leave Lewiston at 1 p. m. 

Arriving at Hamilton at 5i " 

N. B. — Passengers leaving Hamilton for New York by this boat, and 
taking either of the American Lines from Lewiston, reach there at 9 
o'clock next evening ; and those leaving Hamilton for Montreal by ihia 
boat, and taking the American Express Line at Lewiston, reach there at 
5 o'clock, p. M., next afternoon. 

GENERAL OFFICES 

OF THE 

Ontario and St. Lawrence Steamboat Company. 

Montreal Office in M'Gill Street. 

Ogdensburgh Office at Railroad Depot. 

Oswego Principal Office, on the Dock. 

Rochester Office under Eagle Hotel. 

Niagara Office Cataract Hotel Block. 

Buffalo Office Western Hotel Block. 

Buffalo Office American Hotel Block. 

At all the above OflSices, Tickets can be Procured. 

^ortljcrn Hailroalr, 

OFFICE IN CATARACT HOTEL BLOCK, NIAGARA FALLS. 



GREAT NORTHEBN ROUTE. 9 



lesa. 



BSffiM MB iliSMi fMLM 



:FS^t!^XXjX1.0^^&JE3. 



SUMMER ARRANGEMENT. 



Cars will leave Buffalo at 9 o'clock, a. m. 

" 12 " M. 

" " 4^ " p. ir. 

Cars will leave Niagara Falls GJ " a.m. 

2^ " P.M. 

« « " G " P.M. 



ONE TRAIN ONLY ON 8UNDAY, 

Leaving Buffalo at 8J o'clock a. it 

Leaving Niagara Falls 5 " p.m. 

WM. A. BIRD, 

Superintendent 



10 GREAT NORTHERN ROUTE. 



1G52. 



CO 



S5 Mfi LSlfliTI 



ai 



S5T-A.C31-E3 003VCE»-A.T<rS-. 



IN CONNECTION "WITU THE 

LAKE ONTARIO STEAMERS 

AND 

Niagara Falls and Buffalo Bailroad, 

IS AN 

ELEGANT LINE OF STAGE COACHES, 

Running over the Plank Road from 
LEWISTON TO NIAGARA FALLS: 

Leaving Niagara Falls 8 a. m. 

« « 10|A.M. 

" " 2^ P.M. 

Leave Lewiston for Niagara Falls, connecting with 
the cars for Buffalo, immediately upon tlie arrival of the 
Steamers. 



This line of Coaches is conducted in a most able manner ; 
the proprietors having spared no pains or expense in then- ar- 
rangements ; and having obtained the services of obhging and 



GREAT NORTHERN ROUTE. 11 

sober men for drivers, every care and precaution for the com- 
fort and safety of passengers has been thoroughly attended to 

Those intending to take the Lake Ontario or Northern 
Route, have an opportunity of seeing the Devil's Hole, Brock's 
Monument, and the beautiful view (see frontispiece,) from 
the brow of the mountain above Lewiston, in coming down 
at the regular hours of the stages to the boats. But those 
wishing to spend a little more time in visiting these places, as 
well as Queenston Heights, Battle Ground, and the great Sus- 
pension Bridge at Lewiston, than is afforded by the regular 
coaches, (as the boats leave immediately upon the amval of 
the stages at Lewiston,) can procure them at any hour by ap- 
plying at the Stage Office. 

There are few drives surpassing tliis in beauty of scenery, 
or more abundant in historical incidents, — so much so that it 
may almost be called "classic ground," — and pleasure-seek- 
ers should by no means omit enjoying it. 

Parties coming up Lake Ontario on the steamers, and wish- 
ing separate carriages, can secure them by applying to the 
clerk of the boat. 



N". B. — Travelers intending to take the Lake Ontario route, 
can have their baggage checked at Buffalo directly for Lewis- 
ton, and vice versa, relieving them from all care of it while at 
the Falls. 



12 GREAT NORTHERK ROUTE, 



(DeWH®® AHU) §1"!EA(DI0I 



n /\TTmH.O AT3. 



SUMMER ARRANGEMENT— 1852. 



Trains will leave Syracuse, 

At 6.10 A. M. from New York, Express to Boat for Ogdeus 

burgh. 
At 1.45 p. M. from Albany, Expresses to Boat for Lewistou, &g 
At 5.30 p. M. from Mail and New York Express. 

Trains will leave Oswego, 

At 6.10 A. M. from Boat to morning train from Syracuse. 
At 10 A. M. to connect with New York Express. 
At 5.30 p. M. to connect with Mail and Night Express. 



These, also, connect with trains from Syracuse west. Bag- 
gage can be checked from New York, Albany, and all princi- 
pal stations, to and from Oswego. 

Tickets can also bo purchased to and from the same pomts. 

A. G. WILLIAMS, 

Superintendent. 



GREAT NORTHERN ROUTE. 13 



1{oh)e, 31/^ifertoh)^ & 6.if)e 3ii^ce^f 



H. -A. I Xj H. O .A. 33. 



This road has Rome, (fourteen miles west of XJtica,) 
for its southern, and Cape Vincent, on the St. Law- 
rence, sixty miles above Ogdensburgh, for its northern 
termmus. Length, ninety-seven miles — eighteen inter- 
mediate stations. 

Summer Arrangement for 1852, as follows: 

Passengers leaving New York by the evening trains 
will reach Rome m time for the Mornmg Mail Train for 
Cape Vincent. 

Passengers leaving New York by evening boats 
will reach Rome for the Noon Express Train for Cape 
Vincent. 

Passengers leaving New York by the first morning 
train will reach Rome in time for the Evening Local 
Train for Cape Vincent. 



14 GREAT NORTHERN ROUTE. 

Passengers from Niagara Falls, Hairulton, and To- 
ronto, by taking the Morning Mail Train from Cape 
Vincent, will arrive in New York or Boston early the 
same evening. 

Passengers from Kingston, Bay of Quinte, and 
Ogdensburgh, by taking the Noon Express Train at 
Cape Vincent, will reach Albany in time for the 
evening boats for New York. 

Passengers can leave Ogdensburgh by the Ameii- 
can Express Line, at 2 p. m., and reach Cape Vincent 
in time for the evening local train going east. Or can 
leave at 8 p. m., by the U. S. Mail Line, and reach 
Cape Vincent in time for the morning train for Albany 
and New York. Steamers will ply between Cape 
Vincent and Kingston alternately, three times each 
day, Sundays excepted. 

Steamers from Montreal and Lewiston will touch at 
Cape Vincent twice each day, affording the most 
agreeable and expeditious means of transit to Niag- 
ara Falls, Toronto, Hamilton, Brockville, Prescott, 
Ogdensburgh, and other prominent ports on lake 
Ontario and river St. Lawrence. 

Also, steamers ply constantly between the Cape 
and Belleville, and other port towns on the Bay of 
Quinte. 



GREAT NORTHERN ROUTE. 15 

The line of this road passes over the ancient Indian 
trail and hunting grounds, between the head waters of 
the Mohawk and the river St. Lawrence. Such is 
tradition, corroborated by the frequent discovery of 
relics which could only pertain to the red man in his 
primeval and uncontaminated state. 

Constant experience has proved that wherever 
nature presented means of subsistence and physical 
charms to the children of the forest, the civilized man 
has never had occasion to hesitate when looking for a 
" new home." Accordingly, we find Jefferson county, 
although its settlement dates back less than sixty 
years, filled with an industrious population, and a 
railroad as a monument of their enterprise. 

This line is not marked with that boldness in natural 
scenery, and charged with those drafts on life and 
limb, which characterize some existing thoroughfares ; 
but it is not devoid of views enriched by the sub- 
limity of space, — of a sense of personal security, — 
and the pleasurable emotions engendered while pass- 
ing well-cultivated fields, thriving villages, and noble 
rivers. 

The southern terminus, Rome, at the present day, 
is too well known to the traveHng public to need par- 
ticular attention. The prestige which is given by the 
passage of the Erie and Black River Canals, the 
New York Central, and the Watertown and Rome 



16 GREAT NORTHERN ROUTE. 

Railroads, througli it, — particularly the latter — should 
be sufficient to gratify ordinary ambition. 

With this town, however, are connected many in- 
teresting reminiscences. Ninety-six years ago, during 
the French war, a fort was built just in the rear of 
where the Seymour House now stands, and was named 
Fort Stanwix, after the officer who superintended 
its construction. It commanded the carrying place 
between the Mohawk and Wood Creek, whose waters 
have different destinations — the former, the Atlantic 
ocean, the latter Lake Ontario, by way of Oneida Lake 
and Oswego river. Cannon ball and grape shot have 
been found, in grading on the site of this fort, within 
the last fifteen years. On the fall of the French 
power in America, in 1759, Fort Stanwix passed into 
the hands of the English. At the commencement of 
the Revolution, the fort was in ruins. It was repaired, 
and re-named Fort Schuyler, by the Americans, and 
occupied by them as an outpost. On the incursion 
of Burgoyne, by way of Lake Champlain, a detach- 
ment of British under Col. St. Leger, was despatched 
by the St. Lawrence and Lake Ontario route to the 
newly-named Fort Schuyler, with the view of captur- 
ing it, and forming a junction with Burgoyne at Al- 
bany. Both were so unfortunate as not to reach that 
city. St. Leger discovered more agility in quitting 
his position, before the force of Col Willett, than he 



GREAT NORTHERN ROUTE. 17 

had in taking it; and Burgoyne was violently relieved 
of bis command at Saratoga, by Gen. Gates. 

Rome at present contains about six thousand five 
hundred inhabitants, and being principally emigrants 
from New England, and their descendants, are a well- 
behaved people. It has a large mercantile business, 
several churches, and first-rate hotels. 

The first ten miles, after leaving Rome by the 
Watertown and Rome Railroad, the prospect is not of 
the most enchanting kind, it being a dead level, and 
the land parting with its " first great crop," consisting 
of sundry pines and hemlocks, of calibre rating from 
a telegraph pole to a fair-sized mill log. If shingles 
and sawed lumber were digestible, there would need 
be no apprehension of a famine among the residents 
here for years to come. As it is, they exhibit signs 
of good keeping which would lead to the conclusion 
that versatility of character was not the least of their 
qualifications — allowing boards and shingles to be 
their staples. 



18 GREAT NORTHERN ROUTE. 



H(DIEffIEI]imEf IEAII3Lm®A3© 



After Thursday, April 1, 1852, Trains will Rtm as follows. 

GOING EAST. 

Mail Train leares Ogdensburgli 8 a.m 

Airives at Rouse's Point 12| p. »■ 

Express Train leaves Ogdensburgh .2 p. i 

Arrives at Rouse's Point 6| p. r 

GOING ■WEST. 

Mail Train leaves Rouse's Point 8 a. m 

Arrives at Ogdensburgh 12.50 p. m 

Sxpress Train leaves Rouse's Point 2 p. m 

Arrives at Ogdensburgli 6.55 p. m. 



Mail Train Down connects, at Rouse's Point, with 
the Mail Train of the Vermont Central Railroad, foi 
Boston; and for New York, via Connecticut Valley 
railroads. Also, with the Rutland and Burlinoton 
Railroad, at Burlington, for Troy, Albany, and New 
York — via Hudson River and Harlaem railroads. Con- 
nects, also, with the Passumpsic Rirer Railroad, and the 
Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad, for Montreal. 

Express Train Down connects as above- Connects 
with Boston and New York, by the Lake Ontario 
Steamboats, via Burlington and Whitehall. Steam- 
boats will leave the Railroad Wharf on the arrival of 
the Express Train at Rouse's Point, at 7 o'clock, p. m 



GREAT NORTHERN ROUTE. 19 

Mail Train Up, connects with the Lake Ontario 
Express Line of Steamboats, which leave Ogdens- 
burgh at 2 o'clock p. m., and arrive at Niagara Falls 
at 8 o'clock the following morning. Also, with lines 
of steamers which touch at all the ports on the British 
shore of Lake Ontario. 

By this route, passengers leaving Montreal in the 
morning train, will be placed on board the Lake On- 
tario steamboats, at the Railroad Wharf at Ogdens- 
burgh, at 1 o'clock p. m., and arrive at BrockvUle and 
Kingston same afternoon, and at Toronto and Hamil- 
ton the next day. 

Express Train Up, connects with the night boats on 
Lake Ontario, which coast the Lake, and stop at all 
the ports on the American side of the Lake, landing- 
passengers at Lewiston, for Niagara Falls and Buflalo. 

Express Freight Train Up, for Express train for 
Boston and New York, to Canada and the West, via 
Ogdensburgh Railroad Line, leaves Rouse's Point at 
6 p. M., and runs through, without stopping at way- 
stations, and arrives at Ogdensburgh at 10 minutes 
past 4 o'clock, next morning. 

Express Freight Train Down, leaves Oo-dens- 
burgh for Boston and New York, at 5.45 p. m., and 
arrives at Rouse's Point at 4 o'clock next morning. 
This Express Freight Line connects with Express 
Lines to Boston, via Vermont Central Railroad, and 
by steamboat to Burlington, and thence, via Rutland 
and Burhngton Railroad. Also, by steamboats and 



20 GREAT NORTHERN ROUTE. 

railroads for New York, via Whitehall, Troy, and the 
Hudson River. 

This well-appointed railway commences at Ogdens- 
fcurgh, on the St. Lawrence river, at the foot of lake 
navigation, and extends one hundred and eighteen 
miles, to Rouse's Point, at the foot of the navigation 
of Lake Champlain. 

At this point, the lake is crossed by the celebrated 
bridge from Rouse's Point to Alberg Island. This 
structure is about three thousand feet in length, and 
is remarkable for the peculiarity of the swing bridge, 
near the center, by means of which, the passage of 
vessels is allowed. The Depot at this point, is one of 
the most commodious and extensive in this state. 

Fort Crawford, at the boundary line between the 
United States and Canada, is also situated just below 
the bridge. It is nearly completed, and, when fin- 
ished, will doubtless present one of the strongest for- 
tifications in the country. 

Lines of railways and steamboats from Boston, 
New York, and Montreal, connect at the terminus of 
the Ogdensburgh Railroad, at Rouse's Point. 

The White Mountains are now easily reached by the 
Vermont Central, and Passumpsic railways. Stages 
are always in attendance to convey passengers from 
the station on the Passumpsic, to Faybyan's White 
Mountain House. 

CHARLES L. SCHLATTER, 

Chief Engineer and Superintendent. 



GREAT NORTHERN ROUTE. 21 



^li}U io Ilr^belei^^. 



A few hints to travelers are not deemed inappro- 
priate. 

For the purpose of saving much trouble, and many- 
inconveniences, from complying with the different 
regulations of the various lines of conveyances, with 
regard to baggage, we recommend travelers, and par- 
ticularly those for pleasure, to take with them trunks 
of convenient size to withstand the rough handling to 
which they are subjected. 

On all the principal lines of conveyances, baggage 
is usually checked to any point desired, which relieves 
the owner from much anxiety. 

Baggage, while under check, is out of the reach of 
the owner, particularly on railroads, hence the impor- 
tance, for comfort, to have some small traveling bag, 
or satchel — which travelers can take with them at all 
times, in staterooms and other places — containing arti- 
cles of clothing, &c. for daily use. The difficulty of 



22 GREAT NORTHERN ROUTE. 

getting at baggage, when in cars or baggage rooms, 
for the purpose of taking out such articles as may be 
needed every night, is attended with much trouble, 
and at times not practicable. 

Every one should decide, before arriving at their 
stopping place, the hotel at which they intend to stop, 
and not wait until their arrival. The noise and solici- 
tations of the agents of the various Unes of convey- 
ances, and different public houses, at the railroad 
depots and steamboat landings, are apt to discompose 
even those accustomed to it, and the inexperienced 
traveler is liable to be misled. 

It is very easy to obtain the names of the public 
houses from directories and papers, or from friends 
who have been over the route — thus avoiding much 
annoyance, and increasing the pleasure of traveling. 
The comforts of home cannot be expected at aU times 
when traveling ; I would therefore advise my traveling 
friends, to leave home with a determination to be 
pleased, and submit to the many trifling annoyances 
which necessaiily attend nearly all modes of transit. 
Al cheerful disposition begets a corresponding spirit in 
ill whom it may come in contact vrith ; and the proof 
of this will universally be found, whether it comes in 
contact with steamboat captains, stewards, conductors, 
or ordinary passengers. 



HAND-BOOK FOR TEAYELEllS. 



TO 

XflltB Cjiamplnin; Inrntnga; ku 



THE route from Niagara Falls to Montreal, 
and Quebec, by way of Lake Ontario and the 
River St. Lawrence, has now become one of the 
favorite summer excursions so indulged in by all 
classes of the American people, that their Canadian 
neighbors have named them the " traveling nation." 

In the " Guide Books " of the day, this route 
receives a casual mention, like hundreds of others; 
but the peculiar merits of it have not been pointed 
out and enlarged upon. 

In the first place, there are no steamers in the 
world that rank higher than those belonging to the 

©ntarfo anU St. 3latorence Stcantlioat ®o. 

and comprising the two American lines — the 

Santteti States Mnll llfnc, 



AMERICAN STEAMERS. 



running on the American side of Lake Ontario, and the 
American JExvctss Sfnc. 

running on the Canadian side. These boats are 
constructed in the most substantial manner; the 
utmost pains are taken in the manufacture of their 
engines, and though " last, not least," the selection of 
the officers in command, the engineers, and all con- 
cerned in their navigation, is made with the strictest 
reference to their fitness and qualifications for the sta- 
tions they are to hold. As a proof of the care and skill 
with which the American steamers have always been 
conducted on these waters, it can be said of them, 
what perhaps can not be said of any other Hue of 
steamers or railroad in the world, of equal extent — 
iJiat there has never occurred an accident hy which 
loss of life was occasioned. 

The Canadians are trying the experiment of run- 
ning boats adapted to the navigation of the river 
below Ogdensburg, upon the Lake also. This is 
considered by many well acquainted with lake and 
river navigation, as not practicable with a due regard 
to safety; as vessels of so light draught of water, as 
are necessary to run the Rapids with safety, are 
thought not suitable for the Lake navigation; and 
if they are built of sufficient draught to adapt them 
for the Lake, they may be considered unsafe for the 



TRACES OF PIONEERS. 



Rapids. The Ontario and St. Lawrence Stei a 
Boat Co. have taken this view of the matter, Fjid 
built their steamers accordingly, having large, string- 
ly-built ones for the Lake, and others of a light 
draught for the Rapids. 

In the second place, no route in the United States 
is more replete with natural interest, or more abund- 
ant in thrilling historical associations. The settlement 
of many of the towns on this route, date back to the 
time of the occupation of the country by the French. 
This was also a favorite " hunting ground " of the 
Indians; and many were the battles fought before 
they would give up possession of the pleasant coun- 
try of the Niagara and St. Lawrence. 

Here may be traced records of the labors of the 
Jesuits, those pioneers of civilization — persevering 
men, who, undaunted by privations and difficulties, 
endeavored to spread their religion among the differ- 
ent Indian tribes. The long contest between England 
and France finally terminating in the conquest of 
Canada, and the total destruction of French sove- 
reignty on this continent, furnished many a battle- 
field on this frontier, and caused it to be again and 
again deluged with blood. The constant struggle 
between these parties, the attempts of each to enlist 
the sympathies and assistance of their Indian neigh- 
bors, and the cruelties enacted by them, would furnish 



28 



GUIDE FOR THE ROUTE. 



matter for many a tale. Volumes might be filled 
with these legends and traditionary stories. 

It has been thought advisable to compile a small 
" Guide " for this route exclusively, in order to give 
travelers a short sketch of the most interesting points. 
The dates have been obtained from the most reUable 
sources, many of them being taken from copies ot 
the original documents. It is hoped this unpretend- 
ing volume may serve to amuse those passing over 
the route, as well as to induce others to take the trip. 




CITY OF BUFFALO. 



29 




'^■'^■''^^^^^^(S&S^Si 



BUFFALO. 



This is the place from which the " Northern Tour " 
commences. 

Buffalo was first settled in 179G; in 1798 it con- 
tained eight houses. Except being the place where 
Indian councils were frequently held, nothing of 
interest occurred here till the breaking out of the 
war between this countiy and Great Britain. 

On the 30th of Dec. 1812, Buffalo and Black 
Rock, both of them flourishing villages, were burned 
by the British and Indians. In Buffalo but two 
buildings, a dwelling house and blacksmith shop, were 
suffered to stand. 



30 



RUIN8 OF FORT ERIE. 



In 1822-23 the " Superior " was built, and was 
the first steamboat that ever passed out of Buffalo 
Creek. 

The first American vessel on Lake Erie was built 
in 1797, near Erie, Pa, and was called the "Wash- 
ington." She navigated this Lake but one season, 
and was then sold to a Canadian, who took her out 
of the water at Chippewa, and placed her upon truck 
wheels, drawn by oxen, and in this way conveyed 
her over the Portage to Queenstown, where she was 
again launched. She sailed for Kingston, but was 
never heard of after leavino- the Niagara River. 

Buffalo is now a city of about 50,000 inhabitants, 
and is truly the " Queen City of the Lakes." 




RUINS OP FORT EUIE. 



Almost opposite Buffalo, on the Canadian shore, 
can be seen the ruins of Fort Erie. This Fort was 
taken on the 27th of May 1813, by the Americans 
under Gen. Preston, afterward governor of Virginia, 
then m command of Black Kock. 



BLACK ROCK. 31 



The English obtained possession of it, and it was 
again captured by the Americans on the 3d July 
1814. A short time afterward it was besieged by the 
EngUsh, under Lieut. General Drummond. After 
a siege of fifty days, General Brown determined to 
make a sortie; this was accordingly done on the 
l7th September, So great was the British loss, that 
the siege was abandoned, and General Drummond 
broke up his camp, and retired to Chippewa. 

There is a railroad from Buffalo to Niagara Falls, 
a distance of twenty- two miles — which is usually run 
in an hour — passing a large portion of the way upon 
the bank of the Niagara River. Just after leaving 
Buffalo, a military work is passed upon the banks of 
the river Niagara, belonging to the United States, and 
called Fort Porter, in honor of the late General 
Peter B. Porter. 

Black Rock is a small village situated upon the 
river, and possessing a good harbor. The first steam- 
boat that na\'igated lake Erie, called " Walk in the 
Water," was built at this place, in 1818. 




S2 BURNT SHIP BAY. 

The cars make a short stop at the village of 
ToNA WANDA, Situated at the junction of a small stream 
of the same name, with the Niagara. The railroad 
crosses this stream, and also the Erie canal. 

Opposite Tonawanda is Grand Island, about twelve 
miles long. There is a small bay at the foot of it 
called " Burnt Ship Bat," deriving its name from 
the following incident: 

After the capture of Quebec, and the consequent 
cession of this country to the English, the French 
at Schlosser determining that their vessels should 
not fall into the hands of the English, put into this 
bay, and set fire to them. Within the last few 
years persons have succeeded in bringing up from 
the remains of these vessels, cannon-shot, pieces of 
iron, &c. 

Between Tonawanda and the Falls, the railroad 
crosses a small stream called Cayuga Creek. It was 
near this that, in 1679, La Salle built the "Griffin," 
the vessel which, one hundred and seventy-three 
years ago, first sailed upon the western Lakes. La 
Salle and Father Hennepin embarked in her, and 
set sail upon a voyage of discovery; they, however 
left her at Mackinac, and the Griflan proceeded on 
her voyag-e, reached Green Bay, took in a cargo 
of rich furs, started on her return, and Avas nevei 
heard of after. 



BATTLE NEAR CHIPPEWA. 33 




S C U L 3 S E 14 



At ScHLOSSER, two miles above the Falls, was an 
old French fort; this passed into the hands of the 
English, and an old chimney is stiU standing which 
belonged to their mess-house. 

Chippewa, a small Canadian village is directly 
opposite this place. Just above the village are the 
Plains of Chippewa. This was the battle giound on 
the 5 th of July, 1814, of the Americans under General 
Brown, and the English commanded by General Rial. 
At this place two small streams empty into the 
Niagara; the upper one is called Street's, and tho 
lower and larger Chippewa Creek. The English 
were posted behind and below the Chippewa; the 
Americans occupied a position near Street's Creek; 
both streams were crossed by bridges. About noon 
a party of British, militia and Indians, began to 
annoy the American picqucts, soon after which 



34 CATTLEOF CHIPPEWA. 

General Porter, with a force of volunteers, militia, 
and friendly Indians of the "Six Nations," attacked 
them. They at first gave way; but hearing that 
General Rial was advancing with a large force, they 
rallied, and again attacked the Americans. This 
was about four o'clock in the afternoon. " General 
Scott was ordered to their assistance, and was soon 
engaged in conflict with a superior force. At this 
moment General Porter's command had given way, 
and fled in every direction, notwithstanding his per- 
sonal gallantry and great exertions to stay their flight." 
" The retreat of the volunteers caused the left flank 
of General Scott's brigade to be very much exposed. 
Major Jessup ordered his battahon ' to support arms 
and advance,' and so galling a discharge was poured 
upon the enemy as to cause them to retire." * The 
enemy retreated across the Chippewa, hotly pursued 
by General Scott, till within half-musket shot of 
the bridge. The lateness of the hour then induced 
General Brown to order his forces to retire to camp. 
Just below this point, commence the Rapids of 
the Niagara; the descent of the river being fifty 
feet before it reaches the brink of the great fall. 
Visitors sometimes express surprise at the short dis- 
tance the Falls can be heard ; this depends altogether 

* Browii'i? OfKcial Disiiafcli, Nik.s Gtli. 



ARRIVAL AT THE FALLS. 



35 



upon the state of tlie atmosphere. During fine, diy 
weather they are heard but a short distance; but 
just before a storm they can be heard from sixteen 
to eighteen miles. It has passed into a common 
saying in the surrounding country, "We are going 
to have a storm, the Falls roar so loudly." 

We are now arrived at the village of the Falls, 
and after locating ourselves in some one of the many 
comfortable hotels with which this place abounds, 
we prepare for a visit to the 




FALLS OF NIAGARA 



36 NIAGARA FALLS. 



FALLS OF NIAGARA. 

There is a degree of excitement attending a first 
visit to Niagara, that perliaps is unequaled by the 
anticipation of any other sight. To feel that you are 
within a few paces of this world-wide wonder, seems 
to inspire the dullest almost to enthusiasm, and this 
feeling is not lessened by the first sight of the Rapids, 
in crossino- the biidi>e connectino; the main land to 

o O o 

the Islands. 

The Rapids are far from being the most uninte- 
resting feature of Niagara. Many, however, do not 
appreciate them at first sight; they are so desirous 
of seeing the greater wonder, that they bestow but a 
passing glance upon them. To those who pause, 
and contemplate, there is about them something ex- 
ceedingly beautiful and sublime. You feel yourself 
regarding them in their mad whirls and plunges 
rushing on to the awful brink, as something almost 
human, and seem to have a feeling of pity for the 
fate that awaits them. 

Arriving upon " Bath Island," visitors are requested 
to enter their names in a book, kept for that purpose, 
and pay a small fee, which gives them the privilege 




'^ fit is "* 



GOAT ISLAND. 41 



of crossing the bridge at tlieir pleasure during the 
year. A short bridge leads to Goat Island, and 
the first visit is generally made to the American Fall. 

Goat Island has, by the good taste of the owner, 
been left in a state of nature, except so far as clearing- 
out the underbrush, and making paths convenient 
for visitors; and the approach to the Fall is through 
the primitive forest, whose overhanging branches 
almost entirely exclude the sunshine, and this sub- 
dued light adds another charm to the scene. There 
is a path leading to the very brink of the fall, and 
one involuntarily clasps tightly the shrubs and trees 
upon the bank, while endeavoring to catch a glimpse 
of the abyss. Should the day be one of sunshine, 
the rainbow below the Fall is well worth traveling- 
scores of miles to behold. Looldng down upon a 
rainbow is certainly something different from every 
day experience. 

Connected with Goat Island, by a rustic bridge, is 
Luna Island; and it was here that, three years 
since, a most tragical occurrence took place. A 
young man playfully approached a little girl, who 
was standing upon the extreme verge of the island, 
without her perceiving him, and upon his addressing 
her, became so frightened that her foot slipped, and 
she was precipitated into the current He plunged 
in after her, and succeeded in catching huld of her 



42 nORSE-SHOE FALL. 

clothes, and endeavored to stay their headlong course by 
seizing a small shrub upon the bank, but the treach- 
erous earth gave way, and the next instant they were 
carried over the fall. Their bodies were fovmd ; that 
of the little girl, on the rocks just below the place 
where they fell, but that of the young man had drifted 
down nearly to the upper Suspension Bridge. 

We now resume our way to the Horse-Shoe Fall. 
This fall, viewed as a single object, is unquestionably 
one of the most sublime things in nature. It is 
impossible, by description, or by penciling, to convey 
an idea to the reader of the effect produced upon 
the beholder. One of the things about Niagara that 
makes a strong impression upon the spectator is the 
motion, and this of course is entirely lost in a drawing. 
This, no doubt, is the reason why the pictures of 
Niagara fall so far short of the reality. There is a 
pecidiarity, too, in the color of the water, which is of 
the brightest gTcen, and the upheaving of the snow- 
white foam contrasting so vividly with the emerald 
hue, needs to be seen to be appreciated. 

There is a small tower built upon a ledge of rocks, 
upon the brink of this Fall; it is forty-five feet in 
height, with winding steps to the top. It was built 
in 1833, and is connected by Terrapin Bridge with 
Goat Island. Within the past winter some of the 
rocks near the tower, and between the tower and 




VIEW LOOKINQ DOWN THE BIVEB. 




ENTRANCE TO THE CAVE OT THE WINDS. 



TABLE ROCK. 47 



Island have fallen away, and there is a large rock 
that has not fallen, but slipped down several feet, 
where it remains. 

No one having time, should omit crossing the river; 
it has always been said, that nowhere does a person 
realize the height and grandeur of the Falls, as from 
the ferry boat; and it is from the center of the river 
that they are viewed as a whole, and the eye at one 
glance is enabled to rest upon them in their imdivided 
grandeur and sublimity. 

The path to the right, near the Biddle Stair-case, 
leads to a magnificent cave, appropriately named, 
when it was first discovered many years since, JEolus' 
Cave, or Cave of the Winds. This cave is about 
one hundred and twenty feet across, sixty feet wide, 
and one hvmdred feet high; it is situated directly 
behind the center fall, which, at the bottom is more 
than one hundred and nine feet wide, and since the 
rocks have been excavated and steps made, visitors 
can pass into the cave, and entirely behind the sheet 
of water. Beyond this cave, at the foot of Luna 
Island, there is an open space where persons may 
amuse themselves at leisure upon the rocks over 
which the floods are pouring, and then venture in as 
far as they please behind the whole American fall. 
Visitors can very often, when the wind blows down 
the river, pass a considerable distance behind the 



48 CAVE OF THE WINDS. 

sheet of water within the cave, without getting wet. 
The view presented in the cave, in connection with 
the tremendous and astounding roar of waters, will 
enable visitors to appreciate the following beautiful 
and graphic lines of Brainard: 

The thoughts are strange that crowd upon my brain. 
While I look upward to thee. It would seem 
As if God poured thee from his hollow hand. 
And hung his how upon thy awful front, 
And spoke in that loud voice, which seemed to him 
Who dwelt in Patmos for his Sa\aour's sake, 
' The sound of many waters ; ' and hath bade 
Thy sound to chronicle the ages hack. 
And notch His centuries in the eternal rock. 

Deep calleth unto deep. And what are we. 
That hear the question of the voice sublime ? 
Oh I what are all the notes that ever rung 
From war's vain trampet, by thy thundering side ? 
Tea, what is all the riot man can make 
In his short life, to thy unceasing roar ? 
And yet, bold babbler, what art thou to Him 
Wlio drowned a world, and heaped the waters far 
Above its loftiest mountains ? — a light wave. 
That breaks and whispers of its Maker's might. 

A very pleasant way of accomplishing a large 
amount of sight-seeing in two or three hours is, after 
returning from the island, to take one of the many 



TABLE KOCK. 49 

carriages there in Availing, drive down on the Amer- 
ican side, visiting the Devil's Hole, cross the great 
Suspension Bridge at Lewiston, and return on the 
Canada side, visiting Brock's Monument on Queens- 
ton Heights, battle-field at Lundy's Lane, and the 
different points of interest about the Canadian side 
at the Falls, and then cross the river by the Ferry. 
Those who do not desire to cross in the boat, can 
cross on the upper Suspension Bridge. 

Table Rock is about a hundred rods above the 
landing. In the spring of 1850 a large portion of it 
broke away, and has changed the appearance of it 
very much. The time of its falling was fortunately 
the dinner hour of the hotels, consequently, but one 
or two persons were on the rock at the time, and 
they saw the danger in time to escape. There are 
portions of it still threatened with the same fate. It 
was upon Table Rock that these beautiful lines of 
Mrs. SiGOURNEY were written: 

Flow on, forever, in thy glorious robe 

Of terror and of beauty. God hath set 

His rainbow on thy forehead, and the cloud 

Mantles around thy feet ; and he doth give 

Thy voice of thunder power to speak of Him 

Eternally — bidding the lip of man 

Keep silence, and upon thy rocky altar pour 

Incense of sweet praise. 
3 



50 lundy's lane. 



LUNDY'S LANE. 

One mile and a half from the I'alls is the battle- 
ground of Lundy's Lane. The battle was fought 
on the 25th of July, 1814. The American army, 
under command of Major- General Brown, had taken 
a position at Chippewa. About noon, on that day, 
he received information that the British were landing 
at Lewiston, preparatory to marching to Schlosser, 
and capturing a quantity of baggage and stores there 
deposited. To draw the British from this move. Gen- 
eral Brown decided to put his troops in motion toward 
Queenston. General Scott with the "1st brigade 
Towson's artiller)% and all the dragoons and mount- 
ed men," were put in march, to report the movements 
of the enemy. When General Scott reached the 
Falls, he found the English directly in his front, a 
narrow sti'ip of woods only intervening. Supposing 
that a portion of the British had crossed the Niagara, 
what was his astonishment to find that the information 
received by General Brown was incorrect, and that 
here was a large force drawn up in order of battle, 
a force larger than that they had encountered a few 



TH SEATTLE. 61 



days before on the plains of Chippewa. To pause 
was to be lost, and General Scott's decision was to 
advance without waiting for reinforcements; and for 
an hour these troops sustained the conflict, before 
others could be brought to their relief. The battle 
commenced at the close of a warm summer day, and 
continued till near midnight. The enemy's artillery 
occupied a strong position on an eminence, and it was 
found necessary to capture this artillery, and seize 
the height. General Brown said to Colonel Miller, 
" Sir, can you take that battery ? " "I will try," 
was the reply, a phrase now become identified with 
the memory of this gallant soldier. It was at this 
battle that the original of Cooper's " Spy " was 
killed ; a fitting death scene for such a character. 

Returning again to the American side of the Falls, 
carriages are in waiting to convey passengers over a 
plank road to Lewiston, Avhere they are to take pass- 
age on the Lake Ontario Steamers. This road runs 
along the great gorge supposed to have been worn 
by the Falls of Niagara as they receded toward Lake 
Erie. This idea is by no means without weight, as 
there are persons now living near the Falls, who can 
remember when they presented quite a different 
appearance from the present, caused by the breaking 
off of the rocks from the abrading action of water, 
and frost. 



52 



MINERAL SPRING. 



A railroad is now about being built, running through 
this gorge, from the Falls to Lewiston, and will, when 
completed, add still more to the pleasure of the trip. 

Two miles below the Falls, the river is crossed by 
a Suspension Bridge. This was built a few years 
since, but was not finished in the style at first designed, 
and presents a striking contrast to the large bridge at 
Lewiston. 




MINERAL SPRING. 



Near the Suspension Bridge is the "Mineral. 
Spring," welling up among the rocks, into a stone 
basin. The water is strongly impregnated with sul- 
phur, and contains also lime and magnesia. A chaste 
little temple covers this famous Spring. 

A short distance below, we come to the Whirlpool. 
This is formed by the river making a bend almost at 
rif'ht angles, and the current being extremely swift, 
it forms a large whirlpool. Flights of steps have been 
placed down the bank, so that the descent can be 



THE WHIRLPOOL. 



S3 



made with perfect safety; and althougli somewliat 
fatiguing, yet one is compensated for the trouble. 
The banks of the river are so high, that, from the top, 
the peculiar effect of the whirl is lost. 




VIEW OF THE WHIKLPOOL. 



54 



devil's holk. 




devil's hole 



Three miles from the Falls, wc come to the Devil's 
Hole. It was at this point, on the 14th September, 
1763, that a party of French and Indians waylaid a 
detachment of English on their return from Schlosser 
to Fort Niagara, then in possession of the English. 
-A small stream here crosses the road, and, from the 
fact of its waters having been reddened by the blood 
of the slauglitered, it was called "Bloody Run," 
which name it still retains. The French and Indians 
had laid their plans so well, and so entirely surrounded 
the English, that only two remained to tell the tale. 



BLOODY RUN. 



One of tliese, a Mr. Siedman, residing at Schlosser, 
was on horseback ; the Indians seized the bridle, and 
attempted to lead him into the woods ; Stedman drew 
a knife, cut the bridle loose, and, being mounted upon 
a powerfid animal, and spurring it to its utmost speed, 
escaped amid a shower of balls. He afterward insti- 
tuted a claim to the possession of the land round 
which he rode on his escape, on pretence of its having 
been a gift to him from the Indians; they supposing 
him to be endowed with some supernatural powers, 
from his escaping from them; and he contested the 
matter at law, with the persons who had purchased 
their title from the state, but the question was decided 
against him. 

The other was a lad of the name of Matthews, a 
drummer. Seeing death at the hands of the savages 
inevitable, he made a leap from the bank, and his 
drum-strap catching in a tree, he was saved from 
instant destruction. Extricating himself from the 
branches, he descended to the water, and crept silently 
under cover of the bank to Fort Niagara. He after- 
ward resided on the Canada side of the river, below 
Queenston; carried on the business of chair-making, 
and lived to relate his strange escape till the good old 
age of ninety. 



56 



LEWISTOK'. 




L K W I S T O N L A N D r N O . 



L E W I S T N . 



Three miles below tlie Dkvil's Hole, is the vil- 
lage of Lewiston. It lies upon a beautiful tract 
of country, whicli extends south from the mountain 
ridge to Lake Ontario, and east and west two hundred 
miles. The vicAV from the top of the mountain, just 
before you begin to descend, looking toward Lewiston, 
is very fine ; the windings of the Niagara, the different 
points jutting into the river, the peculiar hue of the 
water; the forest extending, in many places apparently 
unbroken, to the Lake ; Fort Niag-ara, and the Cana- 
dian village of Niagara, at the mouth of the river; the 
liighlands of Toronto, forty miles distant, but distinctly 
seen on a bright day, their dark tints vividly contrasting 



FORT GREY. 59 



"with the deep blue waters of Ontario — all combine 
to give a character and variety to the scene rarely 
equaled. On the left hand is a point of land on 
Vv'hich, during the last war, was erected a battery, 
called Fort Grey. Here the French Avhile in posses- 
sion of the country, erected a small railway, to enable 
them to transport their goods up the mountain. It 
was composed of timbers laid firmly upon foundations 
of stone, and the power made use of was capstans 
and windlasses. The timbers have long since mould- 
ered away, but the course of the railway can still be 
ascertained by the stone abutments which remain. 

In Father Hennepin's account of his voyage he 
speaks of the " three mountains " — he must have in- 
cluded first, the high bank of the river, next the pla- 
teau upon which the towers of the Suspension Bridge 
are built, and last, the main ridge or mountain. 

Lewiston, before the building of the Erie Canal, was 
a place of considerable importance. At that time 
large quantities of goods, and salt from Onondaga, 
designed for the western country, were brought in 
vessels to Lewiston, and carried in wagons across the 
Portage to Schlosser, and then re-shipped. Upon the 
completion of the canal, this trade ceased, and the 
village has increased but slowly. 

The Suspension Bridge, at this point, is one of the 
most remarkable works of the day. Spanning the 



60 SUSPENSION BRIDGE. 

Niagara, it is supported by ten cables -;- five upon a 
side — resting upon towers of cut stone, the ends 
running into the earth, and secured to anchors drilled 
into the solid rock, six or seven feet. Each cable is 
composed of two hundred and fifty strands of No. 
10 wire, placed parallel and firmly bound together, 
the whole length, by another wire. The distance 
between the points of suspension, or span, is one 
thousand and forty feet; width of road- way, twenty 
feet. This, the longest suspension bridge in the world, 
Avas erected by a few gentlemen upon each side of the 
river, in 1850, under the superintendence of E. AV. 
Serrell, C. E. 

The law authorizing the construction of the work, 
required that, upon its completion, it should be tested 
by one of the Judges of the Supreme Court. After 
he had examined the structure in detail, a number of 
wagons loaded with gravel and sand, and several car- 
riages, Avere driven upon the bridge, extending the 
whole length ; but the weight of these made no im- 
pression upon it, so substantially is it built. The loca- 
tion of this bridge is one of the most desirable points 
between the two lakes for a railroad crossinp-, beino- 
at the head of navigation from Lake Ontario, and on a 
level with the great plain already spoken of, extending 
from near Oswego westward, through Canada. 



QUEENSTON. 61 



QUE ENS TON. 

The \'illage of Queenston, at the Canadian termi- 
nation of the bridge, is celebrated as tlie scene of one 
of the hardest fiohts durino- the last war with Great 
Britain. 

This occurred on the 13th of October, 1812, A 
portion of the American army, commanded by Colonel 
Van Rensselaer, crossed the river early in the morn- 
ing, with the expectation that the militia were to be 
brought over as rapidly as the number of their boats 
would allow. After a severe fight, the Ameiicans 
obtained possession of the Enghsh batteries; but this 
\ictory, so dearly won, was lost to them from the 
cowardice of tbe troops remaining on the American 
side of the river, who, at this moment, refused to 
cross, alleging the unconstitutionality of the act. The 
few brave men who held possession of the heights 
Avere wearied and worn out, and with but little ammu- 
nition remaining, their case seemed almost hopeless. 
A large reinforcement of troops from Fort George now 
arrived under command of General Brock ; yet even 
under these discouraging circumstances, they resolved 



62 QUEENSTON. 



to make one effort more, and gallantly cliarged upon 
the advancing troops. The English at first gave way, 
and it was in attempting to rally them that General 
Brock was killed, and his aid. Colonel McDonald, re- 
ceived a mortal wound. They were once more brought 
to the attack, and longer resistance being hopeless, the 
Americans surrendered to General Sheafe, who had 
taken command upon the death of General Brock. 

A monument erected to the memory of General 
Brock stands on the Heights. This was commenced 
in the year 1824, and finished in 1826, at which time 
the bodies of General Brock and his aid, Colonel 
McDonald, were brought from Niagara and reinterred 
with military honors. 

In the spring of 1839, a miscreant, who had been 
obliged to leave Canada for his participation in the 
political troubles of 1838, conceived the idea of dt;- 
molishing this monument, erected to the memory of a 
good man and gallant soldier, and succeeded in plac- 
ing a quantity of powder in the lower part, with a 
slow-match attached. The explosion took place about 
four o'clock in the morning, and the repoft was like 
that of one of the heaviest pieces of artillery. The 
explosion shattered the monument very much, but 
did not entirely destroy it. The feeling of indio-nation 
against the author of this outrage was not greater on 
the Canadian than on the American side of the river, 




brock's monument. 



LEWISTON. 65 



for General Brock was a man liigUy esteemed by 
botli parties. 

The view on jDage sixty-three exhibits the monument 
as it now appears, since the attempt to destroy it. 
Some steps have been taken to repair it; but for some 
reason, it has not been accompUshed. 

The site of the village of Lewiston was the home of 
the Mohawk Indians, after leaving the banks of the 
river bearing their name. This was once the resi- 
dence of their celebrated cliief, Joseph Brant, " Thay- 
endenega," who, with his followers, here formed a 
considerable village. Turner, in his interesting his- 
tory of " The Holland Purchase," gives an account of 
an Episcopal church at tliis place,*which will be read 
with interest: "There was a log church, in which 
the Episcopal service was usually read upon Sundays, 
by some one attached to the British garrison at Niag- 
ara; and occasionally a British arm}!- chaplain, or a 
missionary, would be present." The Protestant Epis- 
copal Church, " in any history of its origin and pro- 
gress in western New York, may well assume that, 
beyond the garrison at Niagara, Brant's rude log 
church was the spot where its services were first held. 
Upon a humble log church there could, of course, be 
no belfry or steeple. The bell that was brought fi-om 
the Mohawk, was hung upon a cross-bar resting in the 
crotch of a tree, and rang by a i-ope attached." 



66 YOUNG ST OWN. 



Three miles from Lewiston is an Indian village of 
tlie TuscARORAs. Here is a small church, with a res- 
ident missionary ; the services are quite interesting to 
strangers; the minister dehvers his discourse, a sen- 
tence at a time, in English, and their chief translates 
it into the Indian tongue. It is a pleasant drive of six 
miles from the Falls, and is visited by a great number 
of travelers. 

We are now ready to embark in one of the beau- 
tiful American steamers, which are unsurpassed for 
beauty of decoration, comfort, and convenience of 
arrangements, or seaworthy qualities. 

The character of the scenery of the Niagara is en- 
tirely changed at Lewiston. The river, after emerging 
from the high banks at the bi'ow of the mountain, 
sweeps on in a majestic and tranquil current to the 
lake, as though wearied with the tierce strife in which 
it had been enffas:ed. The> shores lose their wildness, 
but retain their beauty, and are Uned on either side, 
with fine farms and beautiful groves. 

The first stopping-place is the village of Youngs- 
town, sL\ miles below Lewiston. This is a small town 
named after its founder, the late John Young, Esq. 
Its site was the battle-ground, on the 24th of July, 
1759, of the French and Indians, under the command 
of Mons. D'AuBREY, and the English and Indians, com- 
manded by General Prideaux, and, after his death. 



NIAGARA. 67 

by Sir William Johnson. This battle resulted in the 
capture of Fort Niagara. 

The Canadian villao-e of Niagara is situated oppo- 
site Youngstown; it was formerly called Newark. 
Fort George was taken by the Americans, on the 
29th of May, 1813. On the 10th of December, of 
the same year, the village of Newark was burned by 
the orders of General McClure. The fort was de- 
stroyed at the same time, and was never rebuilt. The 
remains of the old embankments, a short distance 
above the present village, can be distinctly seen from 
the steamer. 

About one mile below these embankments is a fort, 
constructed by the British, called I'ort Massasaugua. 
A small garrison is usually stationed there. 



/^ 



'W 




'ife:';: 



FORT MASSASAUGUA. 



68 FORT NIAGARA. 



FORT NIAGARA, 

On the American side, is one of the most interesting 
points on this frontier. In 16 08, La Salle here 
erected some buildings enclosed with palisades, which 
were burned by the Senecas in 1675. To revenge 
this, was one cause of the French expedition, under 
Denonville, into the country of the Senecas. On 
their return, in 1687, they took formal possession, in 
the name of the king of France, of the land, to build 
a fort thereon. In 1688, orders were received by the 
Sieur Desbergeres, the commandant of the fort, from 
the Marquis De Denonville, " to demolish the forti- 
fication, with the exception of the cabins and quar- 
ters," and to take a memorandum " of the condition in 
which we leave said quarters which will remain entire, 
to maintain the possession his majesty and the French 
have for a long time had on this continent." Among 
the matters enumerated in this memorandum, was " a 
large, framed, wooden cross, eighteen feet in height," 
and bearing an inscription, of which that upon the 
cross is a facsimile, " which was erected on last good 



FORT NIAGARA. 



71 



REGAf-Vl^^c-^tMP-CH ?iSj 




Friday, by all tlie oflBcers, and solemnly blessed by 
Rev. Father Millet." 

The place seems to have been abandoned by the 
French from this time till 1725, at which time the 
mess-house and other storehouses were built. 

On the 6th of July, 1759, General Pride aux land- 
ed on the lake shore, just below the mouth of the 



72 



PORT NIAGARA. 



river, with a large force of English, and a " thousand 
fighting men " of the Indians, and besieged Niagara. 
Tlie battle before alluded to in the sketch of Youngs- 
town, took place on the 24th; and on the 25th, the 
English took possession of the fortification. They 
retained it until 1796, when it was given up to the 
Americans. It was again taken by the English on 
the night of the 19th December, 1813, and held by 
them till after the peace of 1815. 

Within a fcw years, this fort has been thoroughly 
repaired, and a new wall constructed. During the 
progress of these repairs, many relics of former days 
were found. The entrances to several underground 
passages were discovered, but owing to their ruinous 
state, they were not entered: could this have been 
done, no doubt many interesting discoveries would 
have been made. 

In the dungeons of the mess-house were formerly 
the remains of many instruments of torture, and 
chains fii-mly fastened in the wall. The walls were 
covered with names scratched upon them, many ap- 
parently with a nail. A French gentleman visited 
here a few years since, and in his explorations, found 
among these names that of an ancestor Avho had mys- 
teriously disappeared during a period of political ex- 
citement in France ; thus proving that these dvmgeons 
were sometimes used for state prisoners. Could the 



FORT NIAGARA. 73 

walls of the old " mess house," which can be seen 
from the boat, be gifted with speech, what strange 
tales they could relate ! In these halls, the polished 
French, and " gentle ladies " had held their revels, 
and mingling with them were the " red warriors," 
the mere recital of some of whose deeds of cruelty 
would cause a shudder. After the occupation by the 
English, it was a favorite post, and strange and varied 
were the scenes which passed within its walls. The 
traditions and stories connected with this old fort 
would fill volumes. 

There are two lines of American steamers leaving 
Lewiston daily, — the Express Line at 12 o'clock, 
by which passengers are enabled to see Toronto and 
the other towns upon the Canadian side of lake Ontario, 
and arrive in Montreal the following afternoon, passing 
the Thousand Islands and the Rapids by daylight. 




74 TORONTO. 



TORONTO. 

This city, formerly called Little York, is cele- 
brated in history as the place where General Pike 
was killed by the explosion of a magazine, at the time 
of its capture by the Americans, April 27th, 1813. It 
now contains about twenty-five thousand inhabitants, 
and is one of the most flourishing of her majesty's 
Canadian towns. 

The United States Mail Line, running upon the 
American side, leaves Lewiston at 3 o'clock, p m. 
After leaving Fort Niagara, passengers have a pleas- 
ant sail along the shore of the beautiful Ontario, which 
is interspersed with flourishing villages and fine farms, 
until they arrive at the Genesee river. The river is 
navigable five miles, and the steamboat landing at that 
point is Avithin the limits of the city of Rochester. 

The lower falls of the Genesee are about half a 
mile above the landing. The Indians called this Gas- 
coucnAGOU ; and it is described in a letter, written in 
1775, as "a river unknown to geographers, and filled 
with rapids and waterfalls." The Genesee, below the 
Falls, is a quiet stream, shut in by lofty banks, and 



GENESEE RIVER. 



its course being exceedingly winding, adds much to 
its beauty. On the bank of this river, three miles 
below the present city of Rochester, the first Ameri- 
can vessel was built, in 1798. She was of thu-ty tons 
burden, and was called the " Jemima." 

After leaving the Genesee, the steamers make no 
stop till they arrive at Oswego, where passengers can 
take the cars in the morning, and arrive at Albany in 
time for the boats and cars for New York and Bos- 
ton, the same afternoon. 




— ''"''UiM~i^f/L. 



76 OSWEGO. 



OSWEGO. 

The Indian name of this place was Choueguen. 
The first settlement was made in 1727, by the Eng- 
lish, who built a trading house and fortified it, on the 
west side of the river. This gave great displeasure 
to the French; and in July of the same year, the 
Marquis Beauharnais, Governor General of Canada, 
called upon the English to surrender their fort. This 
modest request was not complied with. 

In 1755, the English built a fort on the east side 
of the river, on the present site of Fort Ontario. 
The first English vessel on this lake was built at 
Choueguen, and launched June 28th, 1755. On the 
11th of August, 1756, the Marquis De Montcalm 
appeared before the place with a large force of French 
and Indians, and after a siege of three days, the Eng- 
hsh surrendered. The French obtained possession of 
a large amount of property, consisting of arms, pro- 
visions, and several vessels ; also, " three boxes of sil- 
ver, and the military chest containing £18,000." The 
traditions connected vsith the seizure of this silver and 
money, are no doubt the origin of the schemes of dig- 
ging for treasures so often entered into, and even at 



OSWEGO. V9 

the present time going on, in the neighborhood of the 
old fort. 

After taking possession of their plunder, the French 
entirely destroyed the fortification, and returned pos- 
session of the land to the Onondaga Indians, " to be 
held by them forever." 

It was rebuilt by the English about the year 1759. 
Just before the American Revolution, they very much 
strengthened this fortification. They retained posses- 
sion of it till 1796, w^hen it was given up to the 
United States. An attack was made by the English 
upon this post, in May 1814, when it was com- 
manded by Colonel Mitchell, who succeeded in retreat- 
ing m good order, and securing a large portion of his 
stores. The English landed and destroyed the ord- 
nance, and, taking a quantity of property from the 
village, embarked and retired. 

Fort Ontario has, within a few years, been thor- 
oughly repaired, and is now a very strong position. 
May the time never again come when its guns shall 
be needed to repulse an enemy from our shores. 

Oswego is now a flourishing city of about fifteen 
thousand inhabitants. Here is the termination of a 
railroad connecting at Syracuse with the central line 
of railroad to Albany. A new railroad will soon be 
built to Binghampton, and when finished, will make 
Oswego the great coal depot of lake Ontario and 



80 OSWEGO. 

Canada. After the completion of this road, the differ- 
ence in distance between Oswego and New York, 
and Oswego and Philadelphia, will be only about 
twenty nailes. Oswego is also the terminus of the 
Oswego canal, connecting at Syracuse with the Erie 
canal. It is a place of great commercial importance, 
there being a large commerce between this port and 
the upper Lakes and Canada. Here, also, are some 
of the finest flouring mills in the world, and immense 
quantities of flour are annually exported. The large 
starch factory, at this place, forwarded specimens of 
its manufacture to the World's Fair, and received a 
premium. 

The steamer leaves Oswego about eight o'clock in 
the morning, and, after a pleasant sail of three hours, 
arriA^es at the naval post of Sackett's Harbor. 

This is a small town situated on the north-eastern 
shore of lake Ontario, distant from Oswego about 
forty-five miles, and twenty from the river St. LaAv- 
rence. It was purchased and taken possession of by 
Mr. Sackett, of Jamiaca, L. I., in 1799. In 1801 
only three families had settled here, in consequence 
of a prejudice at that time existing against settlements 
on the lake shore, on account of the supposed un- 
healthiness of so large a body of fresh water. 

This place was the great naval station on the Lak'c 
duringf the last war with Great Britain. All the 



^,lW;!:|!||p||;|:'| !'■;.„ 




«.^'iii"..,/,l;';ii*«' 



sackett's iiarbou. 83 

vessels of war, with the exception of the Oneida, which 
was built at Oswego in 1808, were built at this port, 
under the superintendence of Henry Eckford, Esq^ 
who died a few years since at Constantinople, whither 
he had gone to superintend the building of some 
vessels for the sultan. 

In the ship-house, on the point at the entrance of 
the harbor, is now remaining, in a state of good pres- 
ervation, a ship of the line of one hundred guns, which 
was commenced in 1814; but peace being declared 
soon after, it was never finished. In thirty days from 
the time the timber was growing in the woods, the 
ship was advanced to its present state, and it was the 
intention of the builder in sixty days more to have 
had her ready for sea. 

Sackett's Harbor was attacked by the English, com- 
manded by Sir George Provost, on the 30th May 
1813. They effected a landing, but after a severe 
fight were driven back to their boats, and retreated, 
leaving many of their wounded. Unfortunately, the 
officers in charge of the naval stores, fearing they 
might fall into the hands of the English, set fire to 
the buildings, and the immensely valuable stores taken 
at " Little York," were consumed. 

There is an extensive military post here, called 
"Madison Barracks." 

In 1816, the first American steamer on this Lake, 



84 STEAMER ONTARIO 

was built here, and called the Ontario. She was about 
one hundred and ten feet l«jng on deck, had a beam 
engine, thirty-four inch cylinder, and four feet stroke. 
It was then considered unsafe to have any structure on 
deck, larger than a small cabin on the quarterdeck for 
the ladies. The Ontario was finally laid by in 1831. 
There is a railroad nearly completed from Sackett's 
Harbor to Pierrepoint Manor, a distance of about 
sixteen miles, and there connecting with the Rome and 
Cape Vincent Railroad. 

The Express Line of Steamers, after leaving Toronto, 
make their first stop at Cape Vincent, a small village 
delightfully situated at the entrance of the river St. 
Lawrence. Tliis, together with the neighboring village 
of Chatjmont, was named in honoa- of one of the early 
settlers, M. Vincent Le Ray be Chaumont. It lias 
been quite noted for having been the residence of 
several political adherents of the Emperor Napoleon , 
and a number of articles of his furniture and books 
were once deposited here, preparatory, it is said, to his 
seelving here an asylum. 

A railroad has just been completed from this place 
to Rome, by which passengers leaving here in the 
morning, can reach New York the same evening. 
This road passes through the pretty village of Brown- 
ville, the residence of the late Major General Brown ; 
also the village of AVaterxown, situated on Black 



!J||il!!"li';':f';:!!'H||i|J 
s'4''-, 




GRAND ISLAND. Bl 



river, and one of the most flourishing and Avell-built 
towns in the state. 

Lying between Cape Vincent and Kingston, is 
Grand Island, belonging to the English. Two small 
bays put into either side of this island; and at this 
point it is contemplated, the coming year, to construct 
a ship canal, a mile and a half long. By this moans 
vessels will avoid going round the head of the island, 
and diminish the distance about one half. 

Three miles beloAV Cape Vincent is Carleton Island, 
which is about three miles long and about one mile 
wide. At its head are the ruins of a fortification 
erected by the Frencli at an early day ; these can be 
distinctly seen from the steamer, many of the chim- 
neys remaining quite entire. At this island the 
French sunk two vessels, to prevent their falling into 
the hands of the English. The water being very clear, 
the remains of these can be distinctly seen, filled with 
gravel and stones. 

The United States Line of Steamers, after leaving 
Sackett's Harbor, in crossing over to Kingston, pass 
between the islands lying at the foot of lake Ontario, 
and those lying within the St. Lawrence. 



88 KINGSTON. 




KITiTGSTON — irPPER CANADA. 

The Indian name of this place is Cadaracqui. The 
French commenced building a fort here in 1072, 
under the orders of M. De Coukcelles, then Gov- 
ernor of Canada. He returned to France the same 
year, and the fort was finished the next spring, under 
the orders of his successor, Count Frontenac, and 
called by his name. The command of it was after- 
ward given to M. De La Salle, Avho, in 16/8, rebuilt 
it with stone. The same year a bark of ten tons was 
launched. In 1688, upon hearing the news of the 
capture of Montreal by the Indians, the garrison set 
fire to the two boats they had built there, and aban- 
doned the fort, leaving matches connected with their 




■''.■^Illilil 



KINGSTON. 91 



store of powder, to, blow up tlie works. By some 
mismanagement, this was not effected, and upon the 
Indians' landing there some time after, they found 
quite a stock of powder remaining. 

This position was agiun garrisoned by the French, in 
1689, and held by them till 1758, at which time an 
expedition, under command of Colonel Bhadstkeet, 
embarked from Oswego, and after two days hard 
fighting, he obtained possession of it, and destroyed 
the fort and vessels, and such articles as he could not 
bring away. The peace of 17G2 extinguished the 
French title, and, after its acquisition by the English, 
its name was changed to Ivingston. 

This was an important naval station of tlie English, 
during the war of 1812, and several ships, of the 
largest class, were built here. The post was can- 
nonaded by the American fleet under Commodore 
Chauncey, in 1812. 

Kingston is now one of the most important towns 
in Canada, and, next to Quebec, is the most strongly 
fortified. 

On Cedar Island is a martello tower ; on a point 
overlooking the town and navy-yard, is a strong forti- 
fication, called Fort Henry, and the harbor is defend- 
ed by several martello towers. After the union of the 
Provinces, this was, for a few years, the seat of gov- 
ernment. The building for the public offices and the 



92 CLAYTON. 

market, is one of the finest on the continent. In front 
of it is a large battery, and a martello tower standing 
on a shoal in the harbor. 

Passengers have a fine view of the city and fortifi- 
cations from the steamer, in entering and departing 
from the harbor. On leaving Kingston, we enter 
upon the river St. Lawrence. The Thousand Islands 
commence here, but being quite large, are not numer- 
ous until you approach Clayton. 

This is a small village upon the American side, and 
is noted as the great rafting station of E. G. Merrick, 
Esq., where large ship-timber and staves are formed 
into rafts, and floated down the St. Lawrence to Mon- 
treal and Quebec. These rafts are often passed in de- 
scending the river, and from their requiring man}- men 
to navigate them, and their erecting upon them liLtle 
huts for shelter, at a little distance they present the 
appearance of a village. Mr. Merrick has here an 
extensive shipyard, wherein many of the vessels nav- 
igating the Lakes, and se\'eral of tlie fine steame;s 
belonging to the American Line, were built. 

This is also the residence of the well known Wm. 
Joiixsox, who figured in tlie late Canadian rebellion. 
In consequence of his participation in these troubles, 
he was obliged to secludt; himself from the search 
instituted for him by troops under the command of tho 
late General AVortii. It was during this seclusion 



-;t5?J' 



,»^/- 






I'Au.lI'li 



ii i IT Ml <i 






|,iite' '^^ 









THOUSAND ISLANDS. 95 

upon one of the islands in the neighborhood, that his 
daughter " Kate " acquired her title of " Queen of the 
Thousand Islands," from her visiting and carrying him 
qrovisions, in her canoe. 

We are now in the midst of the Thousand Islands. 
Persons, on hearing these islands spoken of, often 
make the remark that the number must be exagger- 
ated; but, on the contrary, it is not sufficient, there 
being about fifteen hundred. At the lighthouse, four 
miles below Clayton, eighty can be counted from the 
deck of the steamboat. The following is a descrip- 
tion of the Thousand Islands, written by a Frenchman 
in 1(364: "An infinity of httle islands are at the 
entrance of the lake, in such great number, and in 
such variety, that the most experienced Iroquois pilots 
sometimes lose themselves. there, and experience con- 
siderable difficulty in distinguishing the course to be 
steered in the confusion, and, as it were, the labyrinth 
formed by the islands, which otherwise have nothing- 
agreeable beyond their multitude. For these are only 
huge rocks rising out of the water, covered merely 
with moss or a few spruce, or other stunted wood, 
whose roots spring from the clefts of the rocks, which 
can supply no other aliment or moisture to these 
barren trees than what the rains furnish them." 

About six miles below Clayton, upon Wells Island, 
there is a small wharf, at which, in the year 1838, the 



96 BROCKVILLE. 



British steamer Sir Robert Peel, while taking in 
wood, was burned by the Canadian Patriots. 

The next port, after leaving Clayton, is Alexandria 
Bay; a romantic httle place, built upon a mass of 
rocks. This is a favorite resort for hunters, as well a? 
the disciples of Isaak Walton. Three miles below the 
village is a position whence one hundred islands are in 
view at once. 

Our next stop is made at Brockville, on the Cana- 
dian side of the St. Lawrence. This is one of the 
pleasantest villages in Canada, containing about two 
thousand five hundred inhabitants, and was named 
in honor of General Brock, who fell at Queenston 
Heights. During the last war, it was taken by the 
Americans, under the command of Major Forsyth, 
who was afterward killed at La Cole. Directly op- 
posite is the village of Morristown ; the first settlers 
came from Morristown, N. J., and named their new 
home after the one they had left. The river, at this 
point, is a mile and a half wide, and we here take 
leave of the " Thousand Islands." 

'The appearance of the soil changes very suddenly, 
after leaving Morristown, losing its rocky character, 
and becoming susceptible of the highest cultivation. 
The country, on the Canadian side, is much better 
cultivated than on the American, having been settled 
at an earlier day. Many of these fine farms were the 



TORIES. 



99 



Lomcs of Tories, who left the United States after the 
Revohition. One of these was a brother of Bene- 
dict Arnold ; he died a few years since, and there 
are yet some of his descendants residing in the vi- 
cinity. Twelve miles below Morristown, is the port of 
Ogdensburgh. 




L.ofC. 



100 OGDENSBURGII. 



OGDENSBURGH. 

The first settlement is believed to have been made 
in 1748. Many of the Iroquois having expressed 
Iheir willingness to embrace Christianity, the Abbe 
Francois Picquet, -who was afterward styled the 
"Apostle of the Iroquois," was selected to found a 
mission at this place. Under his instructions, a fort 
was built, called " La Presentation." In October, 
1749, it was attacked by a band of Indians, believed 
to be Mohawks, and although Sieur De Vassait, then 
commanding at Fort Frontenac, had sent a detach- 
ment of troops to the assistance of the Abbe, they 
could not prevent the destruction of two vessels and 
the palisades of the fort. 

This fort was built at the mouth of the Oswegat- 
chie, on the west bank ; and some remains of its walls 
are still discernible. The corner stone is in the 
possession of a gentleman of this place, and has 
in inscription upon it, of which we present a fac- 
Bimile, on page 99. 

After the defeat of Montcalm, Abbe Picquet, see- 
ing the fruits of his long and laborious life about to 



FORT LA PRESENTATION. 103 

pass into the hands of the 
English, retired from La 
Presentation, and finally re- 
turned to France, where he 
died in lV81. In the Ab- 
be's journal he describes his 
fort as being situated on 
" the west side of the river 
De La Presentation. The 
east side is more elevated, 
and runs by a gradual in- 
clination into an amphithe- 
atre. A beautiful town 
could hereafter be built 
here." The Abbe's predic- 
tion has been realized, and 
the village of Ogdensburgh 
now stands on this site. 

In 1 81 2, the British made 
an unsuccessful attack upon 
this place. In February, 
1813, another attack was 
made; and after a severe 

conflict, the Americans, under Major Forsyth, re- 
treated to Black Lake, a few miles distant. The 
British plundered the houses, burnt the barracks, and 
vessels, and boats, and attempted to burn the bridge 




104 OGOEKSBUKGlI. 



ever tlie Oswegatchie, but did not succeed, on account 
of its being covered with snow and ice. Among the 
valuable articles lost at this time, were two long twelve 
pounders, won by General Gates, from General Bur- 
go yne, at Saratoga. 

Ogdensburgh is now a flourishing town, and has 
increased very rapidly within the last two years. Tlic 
facilities for manufactures are very considerable, and 
within a few years, it will, no doubt, become a largo 
manufacturing town. Here is the terminus of the 
Northern Railroad, running to Rouse's Point, on Lake 
Champlain, a distance of one hundred and eighteen 
miles, and there connecting with the railroads to Bos- 
-ton and Montreal. This is one of the best constructed 
roads in the United States ; and the order in which it 
is kept, and the able manner in which everything con- 
nected with it is conducted, is highly creditable to all 
concerned in its management. 



We here leave the beautiful lake steamers, on 
which we have thus far so delightfully journeyed, and 
take passage on a smaller one, Avhich leaves Ogdens- 
burgh in the morning, and runs down the river, over 
all the rapids, directlj^ into the city of Montreal. Tlie 
size of these steamers is necessarily governed by the 
locks through which they are obliged to pass on theij 




^lii ■*!'.:'.'■. Jill 



THE RAPIDS. ]09 

return up the river. Before tliese canals were con- 
structed, steamers did not run the rapids, as they 
were unable to ascend against the current. The com- 
merce was then carried on by batteaux, (large flat- 
boats,) which, on their return, were towed, by horses, 
around the rapids. 

Parties of pleasure often chartered these boats, 
and, laying in a stock of provisions, choice wines, &c., 
procured a company of boatmen, and proceeded on 
their way down the river. Daylight being necessary 
to run the rapids, when night came, they would go 
on shore, and remain till morning, and then resvmie 
their journey, sometimes consuming three or four days 
on the trip. The silence of the scene pleasantly 
broken by the songs of the French " voyageurs," who 
enliven their toil by singing; the grandeur of the rap- 
ids; the antiquated and foreign air of the villages, 
rendered these excursions, in fine weather, exceeding- 
ly delightful. This passage is now made, in a fine 
steamboat, in nine hours. 

Directly opposite Ogdensburgh is the Canadian 
village of Prescott. Here is a strong fort called 
after the Duke of Wellingtois^ About a mile below 
the village, is Windmill Point, of which the accom- 
panying vignette gives a correct view. 

A battle was fought at this point on the lP>ih of 
November, 1838, between the Canadian "Patriots," 



110 CHIMNEY ISLAND. 

under the command of Von Siiultz, a Polish exile, 
and the English troops. The " Patriots " landed on 
the 12th, and succeeded in establishing themselves in 
the "Windmill, and the stone houses adjacent. After 
fighting for three or four days, a few made their 
escape, and the rest surrendered. The buildings, of 
which the walls are still standing, were then burnt. 

About four miles distant is the first rapid of the 
St. Lawrence. 

In the midst of this rapid is Chimney Island ; so 
called from the circumstance that several chimneys 
are still standing here which belonged to an old 
French fortitication. 

The islands between Ogdensburgh and Montreal, 
present an entirely different appearance from the 
thousand islands, the soil being tillable, and many of 
them highly cultivated. 

Eighteen miles below Ogdensburgh, we pass the 
village of Waddington. Directly in front of it is 
Ogden Island, which is beautiful and finel}^ cultivated. 
Upon it is the residence of J. Ogden, Esq. 

Between Ogdensburgh and Waddington are but 
two rapids, both of which are overcome by the pas- 
senger steamers in ascending the river: freight steam- 
ers pass through the canal. The steamer stops a few 
moments at the little villao-e of Williamsburgii, on the 
Canadian side. Just below this place is Cryseler's 



MASSENA SPRINGS. Ill 

Farm, Avbere a battle was fought on the 10th Novem- 
ber, 1813, between the English and the Americans 
commanded by General Wilkison, who, at that time, 
was descending the river to attack Montreal ; a plan 
which he afterward abandoned, and for which he was 
severely censured. 

The boat touches at a wharf in the towji of Louis- 
ville, about thirty miles below Ogdensburgh, from 
which there are stages to Massena Springs, a distance 
of seven miles. These springs are quite celebrated 
for the cure of dyspeptics and those afflicted with 
cutaneous disorders, and are becoming a place of 
great resort. 

We are now come to the entrance of the Long 
Sault. This is a rapid of nine miles; the river is 
divided, by an island, in the center; the usual passage 
of the steamers is on the south side. The water in 
this channel is not much broken, but runs with great 
velocity, and the passage is very narrow; it is said, 
that a raft will drift the nine miles in forty minutes. 
The passage on the north of the island is called the 
"Lost Channel," a name given to it from the fact that 
for many years it was believed by the French and 
English boatmen, that if a batteau, or raft accidentally 
drifted into it, it would inevitably be lost. Late 
examinations have been made, and steamboats have 
descended this channel, but the water being very 



]12 ST. REGIS. 

rough and broken, and the current exceedingly rapid 
the south passage is run, as being more safe. 

Cornwall is a fine town situated at the foot of 
the Long Sault on the Canadian side. Here vessels 
on their way up the river, enter the Cornwall canal 
and are locked up above the rapids just described, 
coming out into the river, about twelve miles above. 

A little below Cornwall, on the American side of 
the river, is the Indian village of St. Regis. 

The 45° of north latitude, the boundary line be- 
tween the United States and Canada, passes through 
the center of this village; and from this point the 
course of the St. Lawrence is entirely within her 
Majesty's dominions. From St. Regis to Coteau du 
Lac, a distance of forty miles, the river expands very 
much, and receives the name of Lake St. Francis, 
and is interspersed with many beautiful islands. On 
the northern side of this lake, about midway, is situ- 
ated the village of Lancaster. This is principally a 
Scotch settlement. La front of it, on a small island, 
stands a large " cairn," erected in honor of Sir Joum 

COLBURN. 



COTEAU DU LAO. 115 



COTEAU DU LAC. 

The CoTEAu is a small village at wlaicli the steamers 
make a short stop. It bears unmistakable evidence of 
its French origin, not only in its name, but in the style 
of its buildings. Travelers discern a great difference 
in the appearance of these villages, and those in the 
Upper Province. The former are clusters of steep- 
roofed houses, with their church in the midst. Along 
the banks of the river, attention is often attracted by 
large crosses of wood, surrounded by a railing; these 
are erected with great solemnity under the supervision 
of their priests, and the ground enclosed is considered 
as consecrated. 

Just below the village are the Coteau Rapids. 
These are much heavier than any yet passed. There 
is but a short space of unbroken water between them 
and the Cedars. 

This is a little village, possessing the same mai-ks of 
French origin as the Coteau. It was in the Rapids 
of the Cedars that a detachment of three hundred 
men, belonoinfr to General Amherst's brigade, on 
their way to attack Montreal, were lost. This was 



116 MILITARY WORKS. 

owino' to the io-norance and unskillfulness of their 
pilots; and many of the bodies floated past Mon- 
treal, giving the French the first intelligence of their 
being on the river. 

During the Revolution, the Americans constructed 
some military works at this point, and it was garri- 
soned by about five hundred continental troops, under 
the command of Colonel Bedell. An expedition 
was fitted out from Oswegatchie, under the command 
of Captain Forster, and attended by a large number 
of Indians, led by Thayendenega, to capture this 
place. Colonel Bedell, hearing of their approach, 
went to Montreal to demand assistance of General 
Arnold, who was then in command, leaving the fort 
at the Cedars in the charge of Major Butterfield. 
Two days after, the enemy made their appearance 
and commenced an attack. Not having any artillery, 
they made but little impression upon the works ; and 
at the end of two days, only one man was wounded ; 
"yet, Major Butterfield, intimidated by the threat, 
that if any Indians were killed, it would be out of the 
power of Captain Forster to restrain them from a 
massacre, capitulated. The next day. Major Sher- 
BUNE, who had been dispatched by General Arnold, 
to the assistance of the Americans, approached, with- 
out hearing that Major Butterfield had surrendered. 
When within four miles of the Cedars, he was attacked 



THE RAPIDS. 117 



by a party of Indians, and, after a fight of an hour, 
he also surrendered. 

Arnold, hearing of these misfortunes, inarched 
against the enemy, then at Vaudriel, intending to 
attack them, and recover the American prisoners. 
" When preparing for the engagement, he received a 
flag, accompanied by Major Sherbune, giving Mm the 
most positive assurances that if he made an attack, it 
would be out of the power of Captain Forster to 
prevent the savages, according to their custom, from 
disincumbering themselves of their prisoners, by put- 
ting them all to death. Under the influence of this 
threat, Arnold desisted from his purpose," and suc- 
ceeded in effecting an exchange of prisoners, on the 
Americans agTeeing to return immediately to their 
homes. 

A passage through this series of rapids is very ex- 
citing, even to those who have been over them many 
times. There is a peculiar motion to the vessel, in 
descending them, and you can feel her settling down, 
as she glides from one ledge to another. On passing 
the rapids of the Split Rock, a person unacquainted 
with the navigation of these rapids, will almost invol- 
untarily hold his breath, till this ledge of rocks, which, 
from the shallowness and transparency of the water, 
is distinctly seen from the deck of the steamer, is 
passed ; she seems to be running directly upon it, and 



118 THE RAPIDS. 



you feel certain that slie "will strike; but a skillful 
hand is at the helm, — an instant more, and it is passed 
in safety. 

Beauharnais is a small village at the foot of the 
cascades, on the south bank of the river. Vessels 
here enter the Beauharnais Canal, which, in the dis- 
tance of fourteen miles, takes them around the rapids 
of the Cascades, Cedars, and Coteau, into lake St. 
Francis. On the north bank, a branch of the Ottawa 
enters the St. Lawrence. The water of this river is 
very dark colored, and does not readily mix with that 
of the St. Lawrence, which is very pure, and the hne 
of distinction between them can be traced for a con- 
siderable distance. The river ag-ain widens into a 
lake, called St. Louis, and a view is now had of 
Montreal mountain, nearly thirty miles distant 

In passing' through this lake, on the right is Nun's 
Island, which is beautifully cultivated, and belongs to 
the Grey Nunnery, at Montreal. It is easily distin- 
gnished by a long mound, having the appearance of 
being artificial, npon the south end of which, an im- 
mense cross is ei'ected. There are many islands in 
the vicinity of Montreal, belonging to the nunneries, 
and from which they derive large revenues. After 
passing lake St. Louis, we arrive at the little village of 
Laciiine. 

The orio'in of this name is said to have been from 



OAUGHNAWAGA. 121 

the following incident: When the French first as- 
cended the river, and arrived at this place, the open 
expanse of lake St. Louis being before them, led them 
to believe that the way to China was open to them, 
and the exclamation accordingly Avas, "La Chine! h. 
Chine ! " At this place, M. De La Salle once estab- 
lished himself as a fur-trader. 

From this point is a railroad running to Montreal, a 
distance of nine miles. This is also the terminus of 
the Lachine Canal, by which vessels avoid the Lachine 
rapids. 

Here, too, is the residence of Sir George Simpson, 
Governor of the "Hudson Bay Company," and dis- 
tinguished as a traveler, by his " voyage round the 
world." 

On the soiith bank of the river, just before en- 
tering the Lachine rapids, is the Indian village of 
Caugiinawaga. 

This town was built in 1671, by Indians, who had 
been converted by the Jesuits, and were called "pray- 
ing Indians," or Caughnawagas. These Indians, du- 
ring the French wars, were often engaged in predatory 
incursions upon their neighbors in the New England 
provinces. On one of these excursions, they took 
possession of a church-bell, and carried it on poles, on 
their shoulders, through the woods, to their village * 
and this bell now hano-s in their church. 



122 



LA PRAIRIK. 



The Lachine is one of the most interesting of the 
rapids. The water is very turbulent, and the current 
very swift. After passing this rapid, we see, on the 
left, another island, belonging to the nuns. We also 
pass the little village of La Prairie. From this part 
of the river, a fine xiesv is had of the mountain and 
city of Montreal. 




MONTREAL. 125 



MOISTTREAL. 

When Jacques Cartier first ascended the St. Law- 
rence, in 1535, he found, at this place, a large Indian 
village, called Hochelaga. 

In 1540, Francis de la Roque and Seigneiu' 
De Roberville, visited this place with an expedition, 
intending to make a permanent settlement; their ex- 
pectations not being realized, at the end of the year 
ihey returned to France. There now seems to have 
been a lapse of over fifty years in the French discov- 
eries in Canada. 

Champlain visited the country in 1603. In 1640, 
the converted Indians began to make Montreal their 
home; and in 1647, a grand mass and festival was 
celebrated. 

In consequence of a quarrel between the French 
and some of the Indian tribes, a large body of the 
Five Nations, on the 26th of July, 1688, landed on 
the island of Montreal, and, while the French imag- 
ined themselves in perfect security, burnt then- houses, 
and massacred men, women, and children. In a histoiy 
of the provmce of New York, it is stated, that "a thou- 
sand French were slain in this invasion, and twenty-six 



126 MONTREAL. 



were carried into captivity and burned alive. Many 
more were made prisoners in another attack, in Octo- 
ber. Only tliree of the confederate Indians were lost 
in all this scene of misery and desolation." 

In 1696, Count Frontenac left Montreal, with a 
force of one thousand French and two thousand In- 
dians, on an expedition against the Onondagas. He 
succeeded in destroying many of their villages, and 
then returned to Montreal. 

This was the headquarters whence issued so many 
parties of French and Indians, who continued their 
attacks upon the English, till the conquest of Canada. 
After the peace of 1763, it was surrendered to the 
English, and French sovereignty ceased upon this con- 
tinent. In 1775, Montreal was surrendered to the 
Americans, under General Montgomery, and the 
English general, CjUileton, retreated to Quebec. 

Montreal being the headquarters of the fur-traders, 
here these adventurous navigators took in a cargo of 
goods suited to the Indian taste, and set forth on 
their voyage up the Ottawa, into the midst of a 
wilderness. The idea of Moore's well knoAvn " Can- 
adian Boat Song " originated from the fact of these 
parties stopping at St. Ann's, the last church on the 
island, and imploring the protection of their tutelar 
saint. These expeditions would be absent a year, 
sometimes two, and even three years, and would 



FUR COMPANY. 127 

return freighted witli the rich furs of the west. In 
the " palmy days " of the Fur Company, the return 
of these partii^s to Montreal presented an exciting- 
scene. Pleasure and revelry took the place of labor 
and Avatchfulness ; and, in a short time, the fruits of 
their toil being dissipated, they were ready again to 
go forth upon an expedition so fraught with danger, 
difficulty, and privations. 

Mr. McTavish, an influential member of this com- 
pany, was the person to whom the little colony of 
Astoria — founded by John Jacob Astor — on the 
banks of the Columbia, was surrendered by the Amer- 
icans, in 1812. His former residence, now entirely 
deserted, and enjoying the reputation of a " haunted 
house," is situated on the road running around the 
mountain ; and his grave is in the woods, a short dis- 
tance up the mountain, and a small monument is there 
erected to his memory. 

The quays of Montreal are the finest on this conti- 
nent, and equal to any in the old world; they are 
constructed of solid masonry in cut stone, and are 
about a mile in length. 

A few years ago, Montreal was deficient in hotels, 
and visitors found much inconvenience from this cause. 
This has been thoroughly remedied, and the city now 
abounds in fine ones, where every comfort can be found. 

No one should omit a ride round the mountain; 



128 MONTREAL. 



tliis is over a fine McAdamized road, and passes many 
delightful residences. From the mountain, the view 
of the city of Montreal, with its immense cathedral, 
the St. Lawrence with its islands, and the distant 
mountain scener}^, form a picture worthy the pencil 
of a true artist 

The streets in the old part of Montreal are very 
narrow, and, even in some of the principal ones, the 
strano-er finds himself wonderino- when he shall o-et 
out of the lanes and by-ways, and emerge into the 
street. The houses being very high, seem to render 
them still more narrow. The new part of the city 
has been laid out in the modern style, with wide 
streets, and is well built. 

The Cathedral of Montreal is an immense building, 
capable of holding fifteen thousand persons. It is 
built of granite, and the exterior is very imposing; 
but the interior is not finished in a corresponding 
style, the pillars being imitation marble. 

Near the cathedral is the "Black Nunnery." Visitors 
are not allowed to go farther than the Hospital; they 
nowever can obtain admission into the "Grey Nunnery," 
jituated a few streets nearer the river; this is inter- 
esting to a stranger. No regular charge is made for 
showing visitors through the establishment; but it is 
expected they will purchase some of the little fancy 
articles made by the inmates. 



nelson's MO XUME NT. 120 

The Bishop's Church, at the distance of a short ride 
from the cathedral, is a handsome edifice, and contains 
many paintings. The convent of the Sistei-s of Char- 
ity is at this place, and visitors, except on certain days, 
are allowed an entrance. 

A monument, erected to the memory of Lord Nel- 
son, stands on Notre Dame street, on the square 
opposite the entrance to the Place d'Armes. 

Opposite the lower part of the city is the island of 
St. Helen; the upper end of this is crowned by a fine 
oTOve of forest trees, and on the lower end is a strong 
fortification, commanding* the passage of the river. 

The Quebec steamers usually leave in the evening 
making the passage each way in the night. The}', 
however, leave each end of the route so early, that 
passengers have an opportunity of seeing the most 
interesting points on the river. 

A small rapid, called St. Marys, is just below St 
Helen's island, which, though it occasions no incon- 
venience to steamers, often retards sail vessels in 
ascending. 

William Henry, or Sorel, forty-five miles below 
Montreal, stands on the site of an old fort, built in 
1665. In May, 1V76, the fort at this place was taken 
and occupied by a body of Americans, on their retreat 
from Quebec, after the death of Montgomery. 

Lake St. Peter is fifty miles below Montreal. The 



130 



THREE RIVERS. 



river here expands to twelve or fifteen miles in breadth, 
for twenty-five miles. 

Three Rivers, half way between Montreal and 
Quebec, is situated on the north side of the St. Law- 
rence. This is an old tovni, having been erected by 
the French in 1018. 



^ 



*i^'' 



;^Ks^.5^?^i« 



■'■TV 










QUEBEC. 133 



QUEBEC, 

111 1535, Cartier took solemn possession of the 
country at this point, by erecting a cross, decorated 
with a shield beai-ing the lilies of France, whither ho 
then sailed. In 1541, he returned, and built a fort 
on the present site of Quebec. 

The city of Quebec was founded by Samuel Cham- 
plain, in 1608. In 1622, the population was reduced 
to fifty souls. At this time, a company was formed 
in the mother country, called the " Company of New 
France." The object of this company was the con- 
version of the Indians, by the aid of the Jesuits; the 
extension of the fur trade ; and to find a short passage 
to China and the East Indies, through the rivers and 
lakes of New France. The king presented this com- 
pany with two ships, on condition that the value of 
them should be refunded, if, within ten years, fifteen 
hundred French inhabitants were not transported to 
the country. For the first few years, this colony suf- 
fered severely from the hostility of the Iroquois. 

In 1629, Sir David Keith, in the employ of the 
British crown, sailed up the St. Lawrence, and made 
the conquest of Quebec. The treat)^ of St. Germain, 



134 QUEBEC. 

concluded soon after, restored to France, Quebec and 
her other American possessions. 

From this time till 1697, history furnishes us with 
records of Indian fights, and barbarities perpetrated 
upon each other by the French and English. The 
Indians, with their usual policy, determined to take 
part permanently with neither party, and accordingly 
extended their aid to one or the other, as caprice or 
inclination dictated. 

In Jime, 1759, the English army, under General 
Wolfe, landed upon the island of Orleans. He then 
took possession of Point Levi, on the southern bank 
of the St. Lawrence, and erected several heavy bat- 
teries, bearing directly upon the town. By these, sev- 
eral houses were burned : but not much impression 
was made upon the fortifications, they being so strong, 
and the distance so great. General Wolfe became 
sensible that there were no hopes of success, unless 
he could erect batteries on the north shore of the 
river. He attempted to capture the entrenchments 
at Montmorenci, and succeeded in landing his troops 
under cover of the fire from his ships, but was gal- 
lantly repulsed by the French. He then determined 
to carry the Heights of Abraham. 

On the 12th of September, the ships sailed nine 
miles up the river to Cape Rouge ; this deceived the 
French, and a large detachment was sent up the "i^er 



QUEBEC. 135 

to prevent their landing. In tlie mean time, the ships 
had dropped down the river to Wolfe's Cove, and at 
four o'clock in the morning, the troops began to land. 

The Marquis De Montcalm, hearing the English 
had landed on the Plains of Abraham, and believing 
it impossible to be accomplished by the whole army, 
supposed it was merely a stratagem to draw him from 
his strong position at Montmorenci. Finding that 
it was really the case, he crossed the St, Charles, 
and formed his army for battle. There were about 
fifteen hundred militia and Indians sheltered in some 
bushes, who poured a destructive fire upon the Eng- 
lish. " Montcalm had taken post on the left of the 
French army, and Wolfe upon the right of the Eng- 
lish, so that the two generals met at the head of their 
respective troops." 

Soon after the commencement of the battle, Wolfe 
received a wound in the wrist; this he concealed. 
Shortly after, he received another in the groin; this 
too was concealed, and he was advancing at the head 
of his grenadiers when a third bullet entered his 
breast. "Though expiring, it was with reluctance 
he permitted himself to be conveyed into the rear, 
where, careless of himself, he discovered in the ago- 
nies of death, the most anxious solicitude concerning 
the fate of the day. Being told that the enemy was 

visibly broken, he reclined his head, from extreme 
6 



133 DEATH OF WOLFE. 

faintness, on the arm of an officer standing near liim, 
but was soon aroused with the distant sound of " They 
fly, they fly." " Who fly ? " asked the dying liero. 
On being answered, the French, " Then," said he, " 1 
depart content," and almost immediately expired. 

Less fortunate, but not less gloriously, expired the 
gallant Montcalm. About the same time he received 
a wound, and on being told that it was mortal, and 
that but a few hours of life remained to him, he 
expressed the greatest satisfaction, and exclaimed, " So 
much the better ! I shall not live to see the surrender 
of Quebec," 

After the loss of General Wolfe, the battle was 
continued by General Monckton; and, upon his be- 
ing wounded, the command devolved upon General 
TowNSHEND. The French soon after were driven 
fiom the ground. 

General Townshend, after the battle, employed 
himself in making preparations for the siege of Quebec, 
but, before his batteries were opened, the town capit- 
ulated. A force of five thousand men, under General 
Murray, were left to garrison the fort, and the fleet 
sailed out of the St. Lawrence. 

In 1760, the French made preparations to besiege 
Quebec, and a battle had already taken place, when a 
large English fleet arrived, and the French retreated 
to Montreal. Thus ended this eventful war. 



ATTACK ON QUEBEC. 137 

The body of General Wolfe was taken to England. 
That of the Marquis Montcalm was interred in the 
chapel in the Ursuline Convent. A simple monument 
was erected bearing- the following inscription : 

HOXNEUR A MONTCALM. 
LE DESTEN EN LOT DEROBANT LA TICTOIRE 
LA RECOMPENSE PAR tJNE MORT GLORIEDSE. 

A monument is erected to the memory of botli 
these heroes, in a pleasant place called Governor's 
Garden. 

In 1775, General Washington hearino- that a laro-e 
portion of the English army was concentrated about 
Montreal, projected an attack against Quebec; and in 
order to accomplish this he determined to send a 
body of men to reinforce General Montgomery, then 
at Montreal. Their route was to ascend the Kenebec, 
and strike across to the Dead river, and follow this 
stream till they could again cross the forest and reach 
the headwaters of the Chaudiere, emptying into the 
St. Lawrence. So great were the delays in starting, 
owing to the derangements in the army, that they 
did not commence their march till the middle of 
September. The command of the troops was given 
to General Arnold. The impediments were such 
that he did not reach Point Levi till the 9th of 



138 ATTACK ON QUEBEC 

November. The town was almost without a garrison, 
and the inhabitants would as soon have expected 
to see an army descend from the clouds, as to emerge 
from the wilderness through which they had just made 
their way. Could Arnold have immediately crossed 
the St. Lawrence he would have easily obtained pos- 
session of the town, but a violent storm was prevailing, 
and before this abated, and a sufficient number of 
boats could be collected, the garrison was strongly 
reinforced. 

On the 12th the wind moderated and Arnold 
embarked, and after infinite difficulty and danger, 
landed with his httle army about a mile and a half 
above where "Wolfe had disembarked. Finding the 
cliffs at this point impracticable, he marched down the 
river to Wolfe's Cove. Ascending the precipice up 
which, sixteen years before, Wolfe and his brave 
followers had clambered, he formed his small corps on 
the Heights of Abraham. 

Xrnold proposed to march immediately against 
Quebec, in hopes of finding some one of the gates 
open ; this opinion was overruled, the expectation of 
finding the garrison oflf its guard being deemed too 
improbable to be calculated upon. It was afterward 
found that the gate called St. Johns was very slightly 
guarded, and could easily have been entered. Arnold 
concluded at last, to retire to Point au Trembles, 



DEATH OF MONTGOMERY. 139 



and await the arrival of Montgomery. The latter 
having clothed his almost naked troops in Montreal, 
and procured clothes for those in Arnold's command, 
garrisoned the place, and proceeded to Point au Trem- 
bles, and joining Arnold, marched to Quebec. 

It was now in the depth of a Canadian winter, and 
the hardships which the troops were obliged to un- 
dergo, were excessive ; but they were supported with 
the utmost patience and firmness. 

General Montgomery determined to make an at- 
tack; and accordingly, on the 31st of December, the 
signal was given, and the troops moved forward to 
the assault. Montgomery advanced, at the head of 
the New York troops, along the St. Lawrence, under 
Cape Diamond. Along this narrow path the Amer- 
icans pressed forward until they reached a block- 
house and picket. The general, with his own hands, 
assisted in cutting down and pulling up the pickets, 
to open a passage for his troops. He now found it 
absolutely necessary to make a halt, and collect a force 
with which he might venture to proceed. Having 
reassembled about two hundred men, he advanced 
boldly and rapidly at their head to force the barrier. 
One or two persons had now returned to the deserted 
battery, and one of them, seizing a match, discharged 
one of the guns when the American force was distant 
about forty paces. This single and accidental fire 



140 ATTACK ON QUEBEC. 

was a fatal one. General Montgomery, Captains 
McPherson and Cheeseman, the former the aid to 
the general, and his orderly sergeant, were killed on 
the spot. The loss of their general, discouraged the 
troops, and they precipitately retired from the action. 

The division of Arnold moved along the street St. 
Ptoque. The path was so narrow, from the works of 
the enemy, and the blocks of ice thrown from the St. 
Charles, that the two pieces of artillery in front were 
capable of raking the whole ground. As Arnold 
approached the bafrier, he received a musket ball in 
the leg, which shattered the bone, and he was carried 
to the hospital. Colonel Morgan then rushed for- 
ward, at the head of his company, and endeavored to 
capture the banier. After a severe contest he found 
they were unable to cope with the numbers of the 
enemy, and they surrendered themselves prisoners. 

The Americans, under Arnold, retired about three 
miles from the city, and there remained through the 
winter. In the spring, Arnold retired to Montreal, 
and General Thomas took the command. In Alay a 
British fleet arrived, and General Thomas retreated 
up the river, leaving many of his sick to fall into the 
hands of the enemy. Thus endt his, as it has since 
proved, last attempt to capture Quebec. 

This city is very interesting to a stranger ; it is the 
only walled city in the Canadas, and one feels on 



FALL OF MONTMORENCI. 141 

passing the gateways, and being shut in by the pon- 
derous gates, as though he were entering some sort 
of prison. There are live of tliese gates. 

Cape Diamond, upon which the citadel stands, is 
three hundred and forty-five feet in height, and derives 
its name from the quantity of crystals mixed with the 
granite below its surface. The fortress includes the 
whole space on the cape. 

Above the spot where General Montgomery was 
killed, is now the inclined plane, running to the top of 
the bank ; it is five hundred feet long, and is used by 
the government to convey stores, and other articles 
of great weight, to the fortress. Strangers are allowed 
to enter this fortress, by procuring tickets from the 
proper authoiities. 

A ride to the Plains of Abraham is one of the 
most interesting visits about this celebrated city; a 
rock is there pointed out, as the spot where General 
Wolfe expired. There are four martello towers, 
forty feet in height, standing upon the plain, about 
half a mile in advance of the other fortifications. 

Seven miles below Quebec is the Fall of Montmo- 
RE NCI. The road is very pleasant, passing through 
the French village ,. Beaufort. Those who expect 
to see a second Isiagara, will be very much disap- 
pointed. The stream descends, in silvery threads, 
over a precipice two hundred and forty feet in height, 



142 CASTLE ST. LOUIS. 

and, in connection with the surrounding scenery, is 
extremely picturesque and beautiful, but insjDires none 
of the awe felt at Niagara. 

The French (CathoUc) Church is a spacious stone 
building, and the interior is decorated with some fine 
paintings. Since the destruction of the Convent at 
Charlestown, Mass., Americans are not allowed en- 
trance to the UrsuUne Convent. It is the more to be 
regretted, from the fact that the grave of Montcalm 
is in their chapel. 

Castle St. Louis, probably the first public building 
in Quebec, the corner stone of which was laid by 
Ciiamplain, on the 6th of May, 1624, was destroyed 
by fire on the 23d of January, 1834. By the orders 
of Lord Durham, the site of this castle was cleared of 
the ruins that covered it, leveled, and floored with 
wood, and an iron railing placed on the edge of the 
precipice, making a very delightful promenade. The 
view from it commands the lower town, the St. Law- 
rence as far down as the island of Orleans, the harbor 
with its ships, and Point Levi on the opposite side of 
the river. 



ROUTE FROM MONTREAL. 143 



ROUTE FROM MONTREAL TO SARATOGA THROUGH 
LAKE CHAMPLAIN. 

Opposite Monti-eal, and connected by a ferry, is 
tlie depot where the cars are taken for Rouse's Point, 
passing through the village of St. Johns. This place 
was besieged and captured by the Americans, in 1775. 

Lake Ciiamplain received its name from Samuel 
Champlain, who discovered it in 1608. One of the 
Indian names given to it was Canaideri-Guarunte, 
signifying the mouth or door of the country. Another 
was Petawa-bouque, signifying alternate land and 
water 

Rouse s Point is the termination of the Ogdens- 
burgh Railroad, and there is an immense depot directly 
at the steamboat landing. Here, passengers for Bos- 
ton can take the Vermont Central Railroad ; or, if they 
desire a sail on Lake Champlain, can go to Burlington, 
and there take the Bui-lington and Rutland Railroad. 

Plattsburgh, on the west side of the lake, is a 
handsome town, and is celebrated as the scene of 
McDonough's victory, on the 11th of September 1814. 
The Legislature of New York presented Commodore 



144 



FORT ST. FREDERICK. 



McDoNOUGH with a farm of one hundred acres, situ- 
ated upon Cumberland Head. 

Burlington is situated upon the Vermont side of 
the kike. It is built upon a slope rising gradually 
from the water, and is one of the handsomest towns 
on the route. 

Crown Point, situated on the west side of the 
lake, is now a ruin. It was built by the French, in 
1731, and called Fort St. Frederick. In 1759, it 
was taken by General Amherst, and held by the 
English till 1775, when it was taken by Colonel 
Warner — the same day that Colonel Allen took 
Ticonderoo-a. 




FORT TICONDEROGA. 145 



TICONDEROGA. 

The ruins of old Fort Ticonderoga are situated 
on a peninsula, formed by Lake Champlain and the 
outlet of Lake George. The Indian name was Cheon- 
DEROGA, and was slightly changed by the French to 
its present appellation. This post was built by the 
French in 1756. Mount Independence, on the east 
side of the lake, was also fortified, and remains of some 
of the old works can still be seen. 

In 1759 this post was evacuated by the French, 
and the English occupied it. They retained possession 
of it till 1775, when it was surprised and taken on 
the 10th of May, by the Americans, under Colonel 
Ethan Allen. " The commandant of the fort was 
surprised in his bed by Allen, Arnold, and a few of 
their followers, who had entered by a subterranean 
passage, and made themselves masters of it, without 
any loss. On being ordered to surrender, he asked, 
by what authority he was required to do so: Allen 
replied, 'I demand it in the name of the great Jehovah, 
and of the Continental Cono-ress.' " The Conirress, 
however, knew nothing of the matter, its first meeting- 
being held some hoiirs after this transaction. 

In 1777, the British army, under General Burgoyne, 



146 LAKE GEORGE. 



on their route to Saratoga, appeared before this post. 
They erected a battery on Mount Defiance, which is 
elevated seven hundred and twenty feet above the 
lake, and completely commanded the fort. General 
St. Clair was forced to evacuate it ; the Americans 
never retook it, and it was suffered to go to decay. 

The Champlain boats proceed up the lake to White- 
hall. Those desirous of seeing Lake George, leave 
the boat here, and are conveyed in carriages a distance 
of three miles and a half, to the "Lake George 
Steamboat Landing." 

This lake is celebrated for its romantic and varied 
scenery, and the transparency of its waters. It is 
thirty-six miles long, and from two to three miles in 
width. It was called Lac Sacrament, by the French, 
on account of the purity of its waters. The Indian 
name was Horicon. 

The steamer runs to Caldwell, at the south-west 
end of the lake. This is the site of Fort William 
Henry, and was the scene of the massacre which took 
place on the 10th of August, 1756, and left such a 
stain upon the memory of Montcalm, that it was 
scarcely erased by his glorious death upon the plains 
of Abraham. 

The road from Caldwell to Glen's Falls, is through 
a wild country, abounding in historical incidents of tho 
old French war, and of the Revolution. 



FAREWELL. 147 



Shortly after leaving Caldwell, we pass Bloody 
Pond, into wliicli, after an engagement in September 
1755, the bodies of a thousand French and English 
were thrown. From Caldwell passengers are convey- 
ed to Sandy Hill, by stages, and thence by railroad 
to Saratoga. 

We now take leave of you, who have journeyed so 
far with us, hoping that we have whiled away some 
few moments that might otherwise perhaps have been 
tedious; and, wishing you renewed health from the 
sparkling waters of Saratoga, and a pleasant return to 
your homes, we say — Farewell! 



I 



TABLES OF DISTANCES 



DISTANCES BETWEEN BUFFALO AND QXIEuiSC 
By the United States Mail Line. 



DOWN. 

Buffalo, 0.. 

Niagara Falls, - 22., 

Lewiston, 7.. 

Yoiingstown, 7.. 

Rochester, 75.. 

Oswego, 60.. 

Sacketts Harbor, 42.. 

Kinjstnn, 3^.. 

Clay wn,- 22.. 

AlxBay 12.. 

Brock-ville, 24.. 

Oedensburah 12.. 

^■^'J^JP^^P*''^'^ between 
De Place ao. '^ 

Matilda, 16.. 

Willianisburgh, 7.. 

Chryseler's Farm bat- ) 

lie ground, i 

Louisville,-. 7.. 

Long Sault Rapids, 

Cornwall, 17.. 

St. Regis, (Indian,) 4.. 

Lancaster, IS.. 

Coteau Du Lac, 20.. 

Coteau Rapids, ') 

Cedar do. > between 

Cascades do. ) 

La Chine,... 38.. 

Lachine Rapids, 

Montreal, 9.. 

Quebec,- 180.. 



UP. 

Quebec, .. 6 

Montreal,... 180 (80 

La Chine, 9 189 

Beauharnais, IS, 207 

Coteau Du Lac, 20,. ,227 

Lancaster, 20..247 

St. Regis lG..2t;3 

Cornwall, 4. .207 

Williiimsbiirgh, 24. .291 

Matilda, 7.-293 

Ogdensburch, IS.. 314 

Brockville," 12.. 326 

AlxBay, 24. .350 

Clayton, 12..362 

Kinsston 22.-384 

Sacketts Harbor, 38..422 

Osweso 42.. 464 

Rochester,. 60.. 524 

Lewiston... 82.-606 

Niasara Falls, 7..613 

Buffalo, 22.-635 



TABLES OF DISTANCES. 



149 



BUFFALO AND QUEBEC, 



By American Express Line. 



DOWN. 
Buffalo, 0.. 

Niasai-a Falls, 2-2.. 22 

Lewiston, 7.. 29 

Toronto, 42,. 71 

Cape Vincent, ...■ 170.. 241 

Clayton, 18..2.39 

Alx Bay, 12..271 

Bmckville, 24. .295 

Ogdensburgh, 12..307 

Gallop Rapids, ) 

De Plau,. 5 

Matilda, 16..323 

Willianisbursh, 7.-330 

Chryselei-'s Farm bat- } 

tie ground, 3 

Louisville, 7.-337 

Lons Sauk Rapids, 

Cornwall, 17-354 

St. Regis, (Indian,) 4. .358 

Lancaster, 16. .374 

Coteau du Lac, 20.-394 

Coteau Rapids, 

Cedar do. 

Cascades do. 

La Chine, 48--432 

Rapids, 

Montreal, 9-. 441 

Quebec, 180.. G21 



DP. 



Quebec, 0.- 

Montreal, '. 180.-I80 

La Chine, 9„189 

Beauharnais, 18. .207 

Coteau duLac, 20..227 

Lancaster, 20. .247 

St. Regis, (Indian,) 16..263 

Cornwall, 4. .207 

Louisville, 17.. 284 

Williamsburgh, .- 7-291 

Matilda, .- 7-298 

Oirdensburgh, 16. .314 

Bfockville, 12..326 

Alx Bay, 24. .350 

Clayton, 12..362 

Cape Vincent, 18..380 

Toronto, .: 170.-550 

Lewiston, 42..59Ss 

Niagara Falls, 7. .599 

Bullalo, 22..621 



NIAGAEA FALLS AND NEW YORK, 
Via Oswego, 'by United States Mail Line. 



EAST. 

Niacara Falls, 0.- 

l.ewision, - 7.. 7 

Youngstown, 7.- 14 

Rochester, 75.. 89 

Oswego, 60.. 149 

Syracuse, 35.. 184 

Rome, 38.-222 

Utica, 15.-237 

Herkimer, .-. 15--2.52 

Little Falls 6-.258 

Sf. Johnsvillc, 10..2C3 

Fort Plain 6..274 

Palatine Bridge, 3. .277 

Fonda 11..28S 

Amsterdam, 11.. 299 

Schenectady, 16.. 31 5 

Albany,.. 16.. 331 

New York, 147.. 478 



WEST. 

New York 0.. 

Albany,..: 147-147 

Schenectady, 16—163 

Amsterdam, 16.. 179 

Fonda, 11-190 

Palatine Bridge, 11-.201 

Fort Plain,- 3-2t)4 

St. Johnsville, 6-210 

Little Falls, 10-220 

Herkimer, 6--226 

Utica, 15--241 

Rome, 15-250 

Syracuse, 38-294 

O'sweeo, - 35. .329 

Rochester, 60-399 

Lewiston, - 82-. 471 

Niagara Falls, 7-478 



150 



TABLES OF DISTANCES. 



BUFFALO AND NIAGARA FALLS RAILROAD. 



BufTalo, 0.. 

Black Rock, .3.. 3 

Cherry's, 3.. 6 

Tonawanda,.. 5.. 11 

Cayuga Creek, 6. .17 

Schlosser, 3. .20 

Niagara Falls, 2..22 



I Niagara Falls, 0.. 

Schlosser, 2.. 2 

Cayuga Creek, 3.. 5 

Toiiawanila, 6. .11 

Cherry's, 5. .16 

Black Rock, ...3. .19 

Buffalo, 3..22 



NIAGARA FALLS AND NEW YORK, 
Via Toronto and Cape Vincent, by American Express Line. 



EAST. 

Niagara Falls, 0.. 

Lewislon, 7.. 7 

Toronto 42.. 40 

Cape Vincent,, ..170.. 219 

Chamont, 1 1 ..230 

Limerick, 6.-236 

Brownville, 4. .240 

Walertown, 4.-244 

Adams Centre, 10. .254 

Adams, 3. .257 

Pierrepont Manor,. 5.-262 

Mannsviile, 2..264 

Sandy Creek, 5. .269 

Richland, 5.-274 

Albion, 4.-278 

Kasoag, 7..285 

Williamstown, 3. .288 

Camden,.. 10..298 

McConnelsville, 5..303 

Taberg, 2..305 

Rome, 11-.316 

Utica, 15..331 

Herkimer, 15. .346 

St. .lohnsville, 16-. 362 

Fonda, 20..3S2 

Amsterdam, 11 -.393 

Scltenectady, 16. .409 

Albany, 16..425 

New York 147..572 



WEST. 

New York,.. 0.. 

Albany, 147-.147 

Schenectady, 16.-163 

Amsterdam, 16- -179 

Fonda, - 11 -.190 

St. Johnsville, 20.-210 

Herkimer, 16--226 

Utica, 15.-241 

Rome, 15-. 256 

Taberg, U..267 

McConnelsville, 2. .269 

Camden, 5. .274 

Williainsiown, 10. .284 

Kasna?, 3 .287 

Albion', 7.-294 

Richland, 4.. 298 

Sandy Creek, 5.-303 

Mannsviile, 5. .308 

Pierrepont Manor, 2. .310 

Adams, 6.. 315 

Adams Center, ., 3. .318 

Watertown, 10.-328 

Brownville, -- 4--332 

Limerick, 4.-336 

Chamont, 6- -342 

Cape Vincent, _ il--353 

Toronto, .- ]70--5i3 

I,p.wiston, 42.-565 

Niagara Falls, 7.-572 



TABLES OF DISTANCES. 



151 



MONTREAL AND QT7EBEC. 



DOWN. 

Montreal, .- 0-. 

Vareuiies, 15-. 15 

William Henry, 30.. 45 

Lake Si. Peter,... 8.. 53 

St. Francis, 30.. 83 

Three Rivers, 7.. 90 

St. Anne, 25. .115 

Richelieu Rapids, 20.. 135 

Cape Sante, 15. .150 

Cape Rouge, 22. .172 

Quebec, 8. .180 



Quebec, 0.. 

Cape Rouge,.. 8.. 8 

Cape Sante, 22.. 30 

Richelieu Rapiils, 15.. 45 

St. Anne, 20.. 65 

Three Rivers, 25.. 90 

St. Francis, 7.. 97 

Lake St. Peier, 30.. 127 

William Henry, 8.. 135 

Varennes, 30.. 165 

Montreal, 15. .ISO 



SARATOGA AND WHITE HALL EAILEOAD. 



White Hall, 0.. 

Comsiock, _ 7.. 7 

Fort Ann, 4. .11 

Smith's Basin, 5. .16 

Dunham's Basin, 4. .20 

Fort Edward, 4. .24 

Moreau, 1..25 

Ganse voorts, 6. .31 

Saratoga, 11. .42 



Saratoga, 0_. 

Ganse vooris, II -.11 

Moreau, 6.. 17 

Fort Edward, 1..18 

Dunham's Basin,. 4. .22 

Smith's Basin, _ 4. .26 

Fort Ann, 5. .31 

Conistock, 4. .35 

Wliite Hall, 7. .42 



Saratoga to Troy, 95 miles. 

Saratoga to Schenectady, 22 miles. 



MONTREAL AND NEW YOB'S, 

Through Lake Champlain. 



GOING SOUTH. 

Montreal, 0_. 

St. Johns 24.. 24 

Rouse's Point, 24.. 48 

Plaitsburgh, 25.. 73 

Burlington, 25.. 98 

Ticondernga, 58.. 156 

White Hall,. 24. .ISO 

Saratoga, 39. .210 

Troy,. 27.-246 

Albany, 6.-252 

New York, 147. .399 



GOING NORTH. 

New York, 0. 

Albany, 147.. 147 

Trov, 6.. 153 

Saratosa, 27.-180 

White Hall, 39. .219 

Ticoiideroga, 24.. 243 

Burlinclon, 58. .301 

Plaitsbursh, 25.. 326 

Rouse's Point, 25. .351 

St. .Johns, _ 24. .37.''? 

Montreal, 24..399 



152 



TABLES OF DISTANCES. 



TICONDESOGA TO SAEATOGA, 

Through Lake George. 

Tirnr-deroga, _ _., 

Caldwell, 40 

Saratoga, y7 

Miles, 07 



OGDENSBURGH AND BOSTOK', 
Via Vermoat Central Kailrca'.. 



KAST. 

Oedensburgh, 0.. 

Lisbon ,.. 9.. 9 

Madrid,.. 8.. 17 

rotsdam, 8.. 2."i 

Knapp's, 3-. 2.S 

Ur.i slier Falls, 7-. 35 

Lawrence, 6.. 41 

M'lira, 6.. 47 

Brush Mills, 2.. 49 

Baiigiir, 6_. 55 

Malone, 6_. 61 

Burk, 7-- GS 

(Jlialeauaay, 5.. 73 

Ellenburgh, 17.. 90 

(;hazy, 6,. 96 

Cente'rville, 7-_103 

Moor's, 3..IOe 

CliampUiin, 8-.1 14 

Kiuise's Point,. 4. .118 

Alburprh, 5-.l'2.'J 

Swanioii, 8.. 131 

S:. Albans, 10.. 141 

Colchester, 20..1GI 

Essex Junciion, 7. .108 

Richmoiid, 9.. 177 

Waierbury, 13..I9i> 

Montpelier, 11.-201 

Norlhtield,... 10.. 2! I 

Roxburv, 7-.2|8 

Braintree, 8.. 226 

South Rnyalton, 20-. 146 

While River Junction, 19--2()5 

Lebanon, 4--2f;9 

Canaan. 13.-282 

V^'cst Andover, 19-. 301 

Franklin, 14.. 315 

Concord, 15.-330 

Manchester, 17.-347 

Nashua, 17--264 

Lowell, 14--378 

Woburn, 15- -393 

Medford, 5.-398 

Boston, 5--403 



WEST. 

Boston.. 

Medlord, 5. 

Woburn, 5. 

Lowell, 15. 

Nashua, 14. 

Manchester, 17. 

Concord, 17- 

Franklin, 15. 

West Andover, 14. 

Canaan, 19- 

Lebauon, 13- 

White River .lunciion, 4. 

Souih Royalton,. 19- 

Brainlree, 20- 

Roxbury, 8- 

Northfield, 7. 

Montpelier, 10. 

Waierbury, 11. 

Richmond,. 13. 

Essex Junction, 9. 

Colcliesier, 7. 

S'. Albans, 20. 

Swantnn, 10- 

Albur^h,- 8. 

Rouse's Point,- 5. 

Champlain, 4. 

Moore's, 8. 

Centerville, 3_ 

(;hazy, 7. 

Ellenburgh, 6- 

Chateaugay, 17. 

Bmk,... 5. 

Malone, 7. 

Bansor, 6, 

Brush Mills, 6 

Moira, 2 

Lawrence, 6 

Brasher Falls, 6. 

Knapp's, 7 

Potsdam, 3 

Madrid, 8. 

Lisbon, 8. 

Ogdensburgh, 9. 



. 10 
. 25 
. 39 
. 56 
. 73 

. as 

.102 
-121 
-134 
-138 
.157 
.177 
.185 
.192 
.2n2 
.213 
.226 
-235 

.ai2 

-262 
-272 
-2S0 
-285 
.289 
.297 
.300 
.307 
.313 
.330 
-335 
-342 
348 
.354 
.356 
302 
308 
.375 
378 
386 
394 
403 



TABLES OF DISTANCES. 



153 



OGDENSBUEGH AND BOSTON, 

Via Eutlaud and Burlington Eailroad. 



EAST. 

Ogflensbui-gli, - 0. 

Rouse's Puiut, ...IIS- 

Buvlington, 50. 

Shelbuine, G. 

Chaiioite,. 5. 

Ferrislnu'gh, -.. 4. 

Vergemies, 6. 

Is'ew Haven, ..- 5. 

Middlebury, 7. 

Salisbury, 6. 

Wbiiiiig,.. 5- 

BraiiiiHii, 

Pittslurd, 

Rutland, 

Clarendon. 

Cutting3ville, 

Mount Holly, 

Ludlow, .- 

Proctorsville, 

Dultonsville, 

Gasselts, 

Chester, 

Bartonsville, — 

Rockingham, 

Bellows Falls, 

Walpole 

Westmoreland, 

Keene, 

Troy, 

Fitzwilliam, 5. 

Winchendon 9. 

South Ashburnham,. 8. 

Weslminster, 4. 

Fitchburgh, 5. 

Leominster, 4. 

Groton, 11. 

South Acton, 10. 

Concord, 5, 

Waltham, 10. 

Boston,. iO. 



.118 
.163 
.174 
.179 
.1S:5 
.189 
.194 
201 

:mt 

MVi 
.218 

2'i(; 
.2;3.j 
.2^11 
.2-18 
.256 
.263 
.266 
.26S 
.273 
.277 
.281 
.285 
.291 
.295 
.301 
.313 

1328 
.337 
.345 
.349 
.354 
.358 
.369 
.379 
-384 
.394 
.404 



■\T EST. 

Bof^ton, 0.. 

Waltham,.. 10_. 10 

Concord, 10_. 20 

South Acton,. 5.. 25 

Groton, 10.. 35 

Leominster, I!_- 46 

Fitchburg, 4.. 50 

We^tmins'er, 5_. 55 

South A?tiburnham, 4.. 59 

Winchendon,... 8.. 67 

Fiizwilliam, 9.. 76 

Troy, 5.. 81 

Keene, 10.. 91 

Westmoreland, 12. .103 

Walpole, 6. .109 

Bellows Falls,. 4.. 113 

Uoclcingham, 6.. 1 19 

Bartonsville, 4. .123 

Chester, 4.. 127 

Gassetts, .-. 4.. 131 

Dul ions vi lie, 5.. 136 

Proctorsville, "..138 

Ludlow, 3. .141 

Mount Holly, 7. .148 

Ciiltingsville, 8.. 156 

Clarendon, 7. .163 

Rutland, 6.. 169 

Piitslbrd, 9.-178 

Brandon, 8..18S 

Whiiins, 6.. 192 

Salisbury, 5..197 

Mitldlebury,. 6. .203 

New Haven, 7_.210 

Versronnes, 5.. 215 

Ferrisburs, 6. .221 

Charlotte, 4.-225 

Shelburne, 5.-2:30 

Burlington, 6. .236 

Rouse's Point, 50.-286 

Ogdensburg, 11S..404 



OSWEGO AND SYEACUSE RAIIEOAD. 



Oswego, 0.. 

Fulton, 12. .12 

Lawsons, 5..)7 

Baldwinsville, 6. .23 

Syracuse, ..12. .30 



Syracuse, 0.. 

Baldwinsville, 12-. 12 

Lawsons, 6.. 18 

Fulton, 5.-23 

Oswego, 12. .35 



154 



TABLES OF DISTANCES. 



OC-DENSBUEGH RAILROAD. 



Og<1ensburgh, 0.. 

Lisbon,... 9.. 9 

Madrid, 8.. 17 

Polsilam, 8.. 25 

Knapp's, 3.. 28 

Brasher Falls, 7.. 35 

Lawrence, 0.. 41 

Mcira, 6.. 47 

Brush's Mills, 2.. 40 

Bangor, 6.. 55 

Malone, 6.. 61 

Burk,... 7-. 68 

Chateaugay, 5.. 73 

Ellenburgh, ..17.. 90 

Chazy, 6.. ilO 

Cenierville,.. 7.. 103 

Moore's, 3,-106 

Cliamplain, 8. .114 

Rouse's Point, 4. .118 



Rouse's Poinl,. 0— 

Champlain, 4.. 4 

Moore s, 8.. I'i 

Cenierville, 3.. 15 

Chazv, 7.. 22 

Ellenburgh, 6.. 28 

Chateaugay, 17.. 45 

Burk. 5.. GO 

Malone, 7.. 57 

Bansor, 6.. 63 

Brush's Mills, 6.. 69 

Moira, 2.. 71 

Lawrence, 6.. 77 

Brasher Falls, 6.. 83 

Knapp's,... 7.. SO 

Potsdam, 3.. 93 

Madrid, 8.. 101 

Lisbon, 8.-109 

Ogdensburgh, , 9..118 



BUFFALO AND CINCINNATI. 



Buffalo, by steamer to 

Cleveland, 190. .190 

Berea,. 12..2U2 

Columbia, 6. .208 

Eaton, 4..21'2 

Grafton, 3. .215 

Wellington, 11. .'226 

New London, 11. .2:37 

Shelby, 20.. 257 

Iberia, 13. .275 

O-xford, 19.. 291 

Delaware, 8. .302 

Orange, 7. .309 

Columbus,. 16. .325 

West JelTerson, 14. .339 

London, 11. .350 

Xenia, 30..3S0 

Waynesville, 14. .394 

Morrow, 14. .408 

Deerfield, 5.. 413 

Mil ford, 17. .430 

Plainviile, 5. .435 

Cincinnati, 10.. 445 



Cincinnati, 0.. 

Plainviile, 9.. 9 

Milford, 5.. 14 

Deerfield 18.. 32 

Morrow, 5.. 37 

Waynesville, 14.. 51 

Xenia,... 14.. 65 

London, 30.. 95 

West .Jefferson, 11. .106 

Columbus, 14.. 120 

Orange,. 16.. 136 

Delaware, 7.. 143 

Oxford, 8.. 151 

Iberia, 19.. 170 

Shelby, 1S..188 

New London, 20.. 208 

Wellington, 11. .219 

Grafton, 11. .230 

Eaion, 3.. 2:33 

Columbia, 4.-237 

Berea, 6. .243 

Cleveland 12.-253 

Buffalo, by steamer, 190- -41a 



TABLES OF DISTANCES. 



155 



NEW YOEK TO NIAGAKA FALLS, 
Via Central Eailroad. 



New York to 

Albany, by steamboat, 147. .147 

Schenectady, 17.. 104 

Amsterdam 16. -ISO 

Fonda, .' 11. .101 

Palatine Bridge, 11. .202 

Fort Plain, 3-. 205 

Si. Johnsville, 6. .211 

Little Falls, 10.. 221 

Herkimer, 7. .228 

Frankfort, 5. .233 

Utica, 9..242 

Whiiesboro, 4. .246 

Oriskany, 3.. 249 

Uome, 7. .256 

Verona Center, 9. .265 

Oneida, 4. .269 

Canastota, 5. .274 

Chittenango, 6. .280 

Manlius, 7. .287 

Syracuse, 8.. 295 

Marcellus, 9. .304 

Hair Way, 5. .309 

Skaneateles Junction, 2. .311 

Auburn, 10.. 321 

Cayuga Bridge, 17. .338 

Seneca Falls, 3. .341 

Waterloo, 7, .348 

Geneva, 

East Vienna, 13. .361 

Canandaigua, 9.-370 

Victor, - 9.-379 

Pittsford, 10..389 

Rochester, I0..399 

Churchville, 14.-413 

Bergen, 3..416 

Bvron, 8.-424 

Batavia, 8.-432 

Alexander, 8. .440 

Aitica, 3.. 443 

Darien City, 5. .446 

Alden.... 7.. 455 

Town Line, 5. .460 

Lancaster, 5--465 

Buffalo, 10--475 

Niagara Falls, 22. .497 



Niagara Falls, 0.. 

Buflalo, 22.. 22 

l^ancaster, 10.. 32 

Town Line,... 5.. 37 

Alden 5-. 42 

Darien Cily, 7.. 49 

Aitica, 5.. 54 

Alexander, 3.. 57 

Batavia, 8.. 65 

Byron, 8.. 73 

Bergen, 8.. 81 

Chiirchville, 3.. 84 

Rochester, 14.. 98 

Pittsford, .- 10.. 108 

Victor, 10..118 

Canandaigua, 9.. 127 

East Vienna, 9--130 

Geneva, 

Waterloo, 13.-149 

Seneca Falls, 7.-156 

Cayuga Bridge, 3--1.59 

Auburn, 17-. 176 

Skaneateles Junction, 10..1S6 

Half Way, 2.-188 

Marcellus, 5-- 193 

Syracuse, 9. .202 

Manlius, 8- .210 

Chitfnango, 7. .217 

Canastota, .. 6. .223 

Oneida, 5--22S 

Verona Center, 4--2.32 

Rome, 9--241 

Oriskany, 7..248 

Whiiesboro, 3.-251 

Utica, 4. .255 

Frankfort, 9. .264 

Herkimer, 5 269 

Little Falls, 7. .276 

St. Johnsville, 10-.2Sii 

Fort Plain,.. 6. .292 

Palatine Bridge, 3. .295 

Fonda 11. .306 

Amsterdam, 11. .317 

Schenectady, 16-. 333 

Albany. „ 17- -350 

New York, by steamboat,.147..497 



156 



TABLES OF DISTANCES. 



WATERTOWN AND EOIIE KATLSOAD. 



Cape Vincent, 0.. 

Cliaumont, ..11.. 11 

Limerick, 6.. 17 

IJi-owuville, 4. .21 

Wateriown, 4 -.25 

Aiiams Centre,- 10. .35 

Adams, 3..3ri 

Pierrepont Manor, 5. .43 

Mannsville, 2. .45 

Sandy Creek, - 5. .50 

Richland, 5_.55 

Albion, 4. .59 

Kasoag, 7.. 60 

Williamstown, 3..l)0 

Camden, ...liJ_.79 

McConnelsville, 5..&4 

Taberg, 2.. 86 

Rome, 11. .97 



Rome, 0.. 

Tabrr?, ..11. .11 

McConnelsville, 2. .13 

Camden, _ 5.. 13 

Williamstown, ...10..28 

Kasnasr, 3. .31 

Albion, 7. .38 

Richland, 4..42 

Sandy Creek, 5. .47 

Mannsville, 5. .52 

Pieriepont Manor, 2. .54 

Ailams, 5.. 59 

Adams Centre, 3.. 62 

Walertown,. 10.. 72 

BrownviKe, 4.-76 

Limerick, 4. .80 

Chaumonl,. 6.. 86 

Cape Vincent, 11.. 97 



NEW YOEK TO IHAGARA FALLS, 
Via Erie Eailroad. 



New York, 0.. 

Piertnont 25.. 25 

Clarkstown, 8.. 33 

Suflems, 9.. 42 

Ramapo,.. 2_. 44 

Monroe, ...15.. 59 

Oxford, 3.. G2 

Chester, 3.. 65 

Goshen, 5.. 70 

Delaware, 23.. 98 

Lackawaxen, 23. .121 

Cocheclon, 20. .141 

Deposit 47.. 187 

Susquehanna, ..15.. 202 

Binphampton, 23. .225 

Owego, ...22.. 247 

Tioga, 5. .252 

Chemung, 18..270 

Elmira, ..13.. 2^3 

Cm-ninir, 18..3iU 

Canisteo, 36. .337 

Hornellsville, _ 5. .342 

Andover, 16.. 358 

Genesee,. 9.. 367 

Olean, 37. .404 

Allesanv, 4. .408 

Cattaraugus, 30. .438 

Dayton 9.. 447 

Forestville, 14.. 461 

Dunkirk,. 8.. 469 

BnfTiilo, bv State Line R.R..41 ..510 
Niagara Falls, 22..532 



Nianrara Falls, 0— 

Hndalo, 22.. 22 

Dunkirk, by State Line R.R.41.. 63 

Forestville, 8.. 71 

Dayion, 14.. 85 

Cattaraugus, 9.. 94 

Allesany, -30..124 

Olean 4.. 128 

Genesee, 37.. 165 

Andover 9.. 174 

Hornellsville, 16.. 190 

Canisieo, 5_.195 

Cornins, 36. .231 

Elmira, 18..'249 

Chemung, 13..262 

Tiosa, 18. .2.80 

Ovvcso, 5..yS5 

Ringhanipion, 22..307 

Susquehanna, 23.. 330 

Deposit, 15. .315 

Cochecton, 47. .392 

Lackawaxen, 20.. 4 10 

Delaware, .23.. 433 

Goshen, 'i.3..461 

Chester, 5. .466 

Oxford, 3_.469 

Monroe, 3.. 473 

Ramapo, 15.. 487 

S^nfTerns,. 2. .489 

Clarkstown, 9. .493 

Piermnnt, S..507 

New York, 25.-532 



TABLES OF DISTANCES. 



157 



MICHIGAN CEITTEAL RAILROAD. 
Distance from Buflalo to Detroit, (by steamer,) 230 milea 



Detroit to 

Dearborn, 10.. 

Wavne,... 7.. 17 

Yps'ilanti,. 12.. 29 

Ann Arbor, 8.. 37 

Dexter, 10.. 47 

Chelsea. 9.. 56 

Grass Lake, 9.. 65 

Jackson, 11.. 76 

Ridley's, 9.. 85 

Albion 11.. 96 

Marshall, ..12..10S 

Battle Creek, 13. .121 

Galesburgh, 14.. 135 

Kalamazoo, S.-143 

Pawpaw, 17..1f.0 

Decatur,. 8..1GS 

Dowasiac, 11. .179 

Niles," 12.. 191 

Buchanan, 6. .197 

Terre Coupee 6..203 

New BuBalo, 15..218 

Michigan City, 10..22S 

Porter, 10..23S 

Lake,. 6..244 

State Line, )0..i54 

Junction, 9. .26-3 

Chicago, ..15..278 



Chicago to 

Junciion ..15.. 

Slate Line, 9.. 21 

Lake, 10.. 34 

Poner, 6.. 40 

Michiaan Citv, 10.. 50 

New Buflalo,' 10.. 60 

Terre Coupee, 15.. 75 

Buchanan, fi.. 81 

Niles,.. 6. 



87 

Uowasiac, 12.. 99 

Decatur, 11. .110 

Pawpaw, 8.. 113 

Kalamazoo, 17. .135 

Galesburgh, 8.. 143 

Battle Creek, 14. .157 

Marshall, 13. .170 

Albion, 1-2.. 182 

Gidlev's, 11-193 

.Jackson, 9..2ti2 

Grass Lake, 11. .213 

Chelsea, 9--222 

Dexter, 9..231 

Ann Arbor, 10. .211 

Ypsilanti, -. 8..249 

Wayne, 12..261 

Dearborn, 7 . .268 

Detroit, 10..278 



Two trains of cars leave Chicago daily, (Sundays excepted.) for De- 
troit, connecting with the steamers of the line. Tunning direct through, 
without landing, to Buflalo ; and also the dilTerent lines of steamers to 
Dunkirk, Cleveland, and Sandusky. Passengers leaving Chicago by the 
Express Train at night, connect at' Detroit with the north shore boats for 
Buflalo. 

Two trains of cars leave Detroit, — the Express Train on the arrival of 
the north shore boats from Buffalo, in the afternoon, to Clticagj ; and 
the Mail Train, in the morning. 

A line of steamers connect'at Chicago with the road, for Milwaukee, 
Kenosha, Racine, Waukegan, Sheboygan, and other ports on Lake 
Michigan. 

Stages run from Battle Creek and Kalamazoo to Grand Rapids ; Ypsi- 
lanti to Adrian ; Dexter to Mason; Jackson to Jonesville and Ldnsing, 
the capital of the state; Marshall j,o Coldwater; Niles to Logansport, 
Ind.: Dexter to Howell. 

Boats leave the Michigan Central. Railroad Wharf, Buffalo, every 
evening, for Detroit, on the arrival of the Express Train from Albany. 
The line consists of the steamers 

MAYFLOWER, Capt. GEO. WILLOUGHBY. 

&.TLANTIO, Capt. J. B. PETTEY. 

OCEAN, Capt. D. H. McBUIDE. 

J. MOVIUS, Agent, BufTalo. 



158 



TABLES OF DISTANCES. 



MICHIGAN SOUTHERN BAILBOAD. 

Distance from Buffalo to Monroe, (by steamer,) 240 miles. 

Distance from Butlalo to Toledo, (by steamer,) 250 miles. 



Monroe Pier to 

Monroe City, St.. 

Ida, 9i.. 13 

Petersburg, 7 .- 20 

Deerfield, 4 .. 24 

Palmyra, 5 .. 'i9 

Adrian, 7|.. 3G^ 

Clayton, 11 .. 47^ 

Hudson, 5J-. 53 

Piltsford, 7 .. 60 

Osseo, 4 .. 64 

Hillsdale, 5^.. 69^ 

Jonesville, 5 -. 74i 

Allen's, Si- m 

Quincy, 3 .. 86 

Colilwater, 6g-. 92i 

Branch, .- 2^.. 95 

Bronson, 8 ..103 

Burr Oak, 7 -.110 

Stureis, 6 ..116 

While Pigeon, 12 ..12S 

Constantine, 4 ..132 

Bristol, 6 ..138 

Elkhart... 9 ..147 

Mishawaka, 11 ..158 

South Bend, 4 ..162 

Terre Coupee, Ui.A73i 

La Porte, 14 J. .188 

Holmes, 10 ..198 

Calumet, 8 ..206 

Bailey Town Junction, .. 5 ..211 

Indiana West Line, 26 ..237 

Chicago, 11 ..248 



Chicago, .. 

Indiana West Line, 11 .. 

Bailey Town Junction, ..26 „ 37 

Calumet, 5 .. 42 

Holmes, 8 .. 50 

La Porte,... 10 „ 60 

Terre Coupee, Hj— 74i 

South Bend, 11^.. 86 

Mashawaka, 4 .. 90 

Elkhart, 11 ..101 

Bristol, 9 -.110 

Constantine, 6 ..116 

White Pigeon, 4 ..120 

Sturgis, 12 ..132 

Burr Oak, 6 ..138 

Bronson, 7 ..145 

Branch, 8 ..153 

Cold water, 2g..l55T 

Quincy, 6g..l62 

Allen's, 3 ..165 

Jonesville, 8^.. 173s 

Hillsdale, 5 ..1785 

Osseo, 5^.-184 

Pittsford, 4 ..18S 

Hudson, 7 ..195 

Clayton, 5i..200^ 

Adrian, 11 .-21U 

Palmyra 7^.-219 

Deerfield, 5 „224 

Petersburg, 4 ..228 

Ida, 7 ..235 

Monroe City, 9i..244i 

Monroe Pier, 3i..248 



Distance from Buffalo to Chicago, via Monroe,.. 485 miles. 

Distance from Buffalo to Chicago, via Toledo, 495 miles. 



The boats of the Michigan Southern Railroad Co., leave the foot or 
Commercial street, Buffalo, daily, after the arrival of the Evening Ex- 
press Train from Albany. The line is composed of three first class 
steamers : 

EMPIRE STATE, Capt. H. VAN ALLEN. 

NORTHERN INDIANA, Capt. R. WAGSTAFF. 

SOUTHERN MICHIGAN, Capt. A. D. PERKINS. 

H. M. KINNE, Agent, 
Michigan Southern Railroad Dock, foot of Commercial street 



O^^TAFJO AND ST. LAWRENCE 

STKA>!iJ<)AT CU^[;'AXV'S 
TO 

NIAGARA FALL8, 
M O X T J?. I-: A J. A X I) (,) U K B EC, 

A.Nl/ 

Tlflinrn!! I.AKKCIIAMIT.AI.N 
TO SARATOGA SPRINGS. 



Elluitvatrt) Suill) iHapss, aiiB i^ urn fro us i£ itsrabiii j[S 



BUFFALO: 
rrui.isiiKi) liY jKWErr, tiio.mas & co., 

OKO. H. JIEKBY A.\T1 CO. 



;. BiNDKRY 



